Pain: Difference between revisions

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}}</ref>

===~~Effect~~ of extreme pain on developing nervous system===

===Pain's injury to the infant nervous system===

Several researchers ~~have~~ suggested that extreme pain in the newborn could cause neurological injury. [[Kanwaljeet J. Singh Anand| Anand]] & Scalzo (2000) concluded:

Anand & Hickey (1985) conclusively demonstrated that infants feel pain and feel it more intensely than adults.

Pain researcher Maria Fitzgerald (1998) reported the sensitivity of the infant nervous system to extreme pain:

We and others have established that the developing nervous system is even more vulnerable to injury than in adults and that changes to the pathways induced shortly after birth can become permanent. This is because newborn nerve damage not only results in the death of sensory nerve cells, but causes other sensory nerve terminals to sprout extensively and occupy areas normally exclusively devoted to the damaged nerve.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Fitzgerald

|first=

|init=M

|author-link=

|etal=no

|title=The Birth of Pain

|trans-title=

|language=

|journal=MRC News

|location=

|date=1998

|season=Summer

|volume=

|issue=

|article=

|page=

|pages=20-23

|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/fitzgerald/

|archived=

|quote=

|accessdate=2024-01-31

}}</ref>

</blockquote>

Several later researchers suggested that extreme pain in the newborn could cause neurological injury. [[Kanwaljeet J. Singh Anand| Anand]] & Scalzo (2000) concluded:

{{Citation

|Text=The public health importance of abnormal stimulation during the neonatal period cannot be overemphasized. While programs for formulating appropriate health policies and public education campaigns must disseminate this message, it is also important for these effects to be investigated, particularly with a view to developing effective therapeutic strategies for the growing ~~childen~~ and adolescents who were exposed to abnormal conditions during the neonatal period.

|Text=The public health importance of abnormal stimulation during the neonatal period cannot be overemphasized. While programs for formulating appropriate health policies and public education campaigns must disseminate this message, it is also important for these effects to be investigated, particularly with a view to developing effective therapeutic strategies for the growing children and adolescents who were exposed to abnormal conditions during the neonatal period.

|Author=Anand & Scalzo (2000)

|ref=<ref name="anand2000">{{REFjournal

@@ Line 425: / Line 425: @@
 }}</ref>
-===Effect of extreme pain on developing nervous system===
+===Pain's injury to the infant nervous system===
-Several researchers have suggested that extreme pain in the newborn could cause neurological injury. [[Kanwaljeet J. Singh Anand| Anand]] & Scalzo (2000) concluded:
+Anand & Hickey (1985) conclusively demonstrated that infants feel pain and feel it more intensely than adults.
+Pain researcher Maria Fitzgerald (1998) reported the sensitivity of the infant nervous system to extreme pain:
+<blockquote>
+We and others have established that the developing nervous system is even more vulnerable to injury than in adults and that changes to the pathways induced shortly after birth can become permanent. This is because newborn nerve damage not only results in the death of sensory nerve cells, but causes other sensory nerve terminals to sprout extensively and occupy areas normally exclusively devoted to the damaged nerve.<ref>{{REFjournal
+ |last=Fitzgerald
+ |first=
+ |init=M
+ |author-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=The Birth of Pain
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |journal=MRC News
+ |location=
+ |date=1998
+ |season=Summer
+ |volume=
+ |issue=
+ |article=
+ |page=
+ |pages=20-23
+ |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/fitzgerald/
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |accessdate=2024-01-31
+}}</ref>
+</blockquote>
+Several later researchers suggested that extreme pain in the newborn could cause neurological injury. [[Kanwaljeet J. Singh Anand| Anand]] & Scalzo (2000) concluded:
 {{Citation
-  |Text=The public health importance of abnormal stimulation during the neonatal period cannot be overemphasized. While programs for formulating appropriate health policies and public education campaigns must disseminate this message, it is also important for these effects to be investigated, particularly with a view to developing effective therapeutic strategies for the growing childen and adolescents who were exposed to abnormal conditions during the neonatal period.
+  |Text=The public health importance of abnormal stimulation during the neonatal period cannot be overemphasized. While programs for formulating appropriate health policies and public education campaigns must disseminate this message, it is also important for these effects to be investigated, particularly with a view to developing effective therapeutic strategies for the growing children and adolescents who were exposed to abnormal conditions during the neonatal period.
   |Author=Anand & Scalzo (2000)
   |ref=<ref name="anand2000">{{REFjournal