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→Physiologic phimosis: Wikify.
==Physiologic phimosis==
[[Michel Beaugé | Beaugé]] (1997) states that adult phimosis is caused by unusual methods of [[masturbation]] that fail to stretch the narrow foreskin of [[Foreskin#Foreskin_in_infancy_and_childhood| childhood]].<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Beaugé
|first=Michel
In most cases, only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment. Parental reassurance is the only treatment required.<ref name="shahid2012" />
By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of [[intact]] boys have a retractable [[foreskin]].<ref name="Øster1968"/><ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal
|last=Thorvaldsen
|init=MA
|DOI=
|accessdate=2019-11-01
}}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable [[foreskin ]] in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968"/> About two percent of adult males live with a non-retractable [[foreskin]].<ref name="shahid2012" />
If treatment is elected, the application of topical steroid ointment to assist manual [[stretching]] is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal