Phimosis: Difference between revisions
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==Physiologic phimosis== | ==Physiologic phimosis== | ||
Beaugé (1997) states that adult phimosis is caused by unusual methods of [[masturbation]] that fail to stretch the narrow foreskin of [[Foreskin#Foreskin_in_infancy_and_childhood| childhood]].<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal | [[Michel Beaugé| Beaugé]] (1997) states that adult phimosis is caused by unusual methods of [[masturbation]] that fail to stretch the narrow foreskin of [[Foreskin#Foreskin_in_infancy_and_childhood| childhood]].<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Beaugé | |last=Beaugé | ||
|first=Michel | |first=Michel | ||
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In most cases, only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment. Parental reassurance is the only treatment required.<ref name="shahid2012" /> | In most cases, only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment. Parental reassurance is the only treatment required.<ref name="shahid2012" /> | ||
By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of [[intact]] boys have a retractable foreskin.<ref name="Øster1968"/><ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal | By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of [[intact]] boys have a retractable [[foreskin]].<ref name="Øster1968"/><ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Thorvaldsen | |last=Thorvaldsen | ||
|init=MA | |init=MA | ||
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|accessdate=2019-11-01 | |accessdate=2019-11-01 | ||
}}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable foreskin in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968"/> About two percent of adult males live with a non-retractable [[foreskin]].<ref name="shahid2012" /> | }}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable [[foreskin]] in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968"/> About two percent of adult males live with a non-retractable [[foreskin]].<ref name="shahid2012" /> | ||
If treatment is elected, the application of topical steroid ointment to assist manual [[stretching]] is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal | If treatment is elected, the application of topical steroid ointment to assist manual [[stretching]] is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal | ||