Ethics of non-therapeutic child circumcision: Difference between revisions
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}}</ref> They state that if physicians outline all the currently known risks and benefits of the procedure to the parents and believes the procedure is indeed medically indicated, they cannot be held accountable for any harm from the procedure.<ref name="reis-reis2017"/> However, they still advise against physicians recommending unnecessary, irreversible surgeries, which is a category circumcision falls in frequently.<ref name="reis-reis2017"/> | }}</ref> They state that if physicians outline all the currently known risks and benefits of the procedure to the parents and believes the procedure is indeed medically indicated, they cannot be held accountable for any harm from the procedure.<ref name="reis-reis2017"/> However, they still advise against physicians recommending unnecessary, irreversible surgeries, which is a category circumcision falls in frequently.<ref name="reis-reis2017"/> | ||
== | ==Cardinal principles of medical ethics== | ||
The four main principles of medical ethics are: | The four main principles of medical ethics are: | ||
* autonomy (respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions), | * autonomy (respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions), | ||
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There are also a number of secondary principles of medical ethics that include: | There are also a number of secondary principles of medical ethics that include: | ||
* Provision of futile, ineffective, or unnecessary treatment | * Provision of futile, ineffective, or unnecessary treatment | ||
* Misuse of medical resources | * <b>Misuse of medical resources.</b> | ||
* <b>Surrogate consent</b> (See below>) | * <b>Surrogate consent.</b> (See below>) | ||
* Informed consent | * <b>Informed consent.</b> | ||
* <b>Patient exploitation.</b> (See below.) | * <b>Patient exploitation.</b> (See below.) | ||
* <b>Duties to child-patients.</b> The Committee on Bioethics of the American Academy of Pediatrics stated that pediatric health care providers 'have legal and ethical duties to their child patients to render competent medical care based on what the patient needs, not what someone else expresses. Although impasses regarding the interests of minors and the expressed wishes of their parents or guardians are rare, the pediatrician's responsibilities to his or her patient exist independent of parental desires or proxy consent."<ref>{{REFjournal | * <b>Duties to child-patients.</b> The Committee on Bioethics of the American Academy of Pediatrics stated that pediatric health care providers 'have legal and ethical duties to their child patients to render competent medical care based on what the patient needs, not what someone else expresses. Although impasses regarding the interests of minors and the expressed wishes of their parents or guardians are rare, the pediatrician's responsibilities to his or her patient exist independent of parental desires or proxy consent."<ref>{{REFjournal | ||