Penile cancer: Difference between revisions
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In Japan, Norway, and Sweden, the risk of penile cancer is about the same as in the US (1 in 100,000 per year).<ref>{{REFjournal | In Japan, Norway, and Sweden, the risk of penile cancer is about the same as in the US (1 in 100,000 per year).<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| last=Wallerstein | |last=Wallerstein | ||
| first=E. | |first=E. | ||
|title=Circumcision. The uniquely American medical enigma | |||
| title=Circumcision. The uniquely American medical enigma | |journal=Urol. Clin. North Am. | ||
| journal=Urol. Clin. North Am. | |volume=12 | ||
| volume=12 | |issue=1 | ||
| issue=1 | |pages=123-32 | ||
| pages=123-32 | |url= | ||
| url= | |quote= | ||
| quote= | |pubmedID=3883617 | ||
| pubmedID=3883617 | |pubmedCID= | ||
| pubmedCID= | |DOI= | ||
| DOI= | |date=February 1985 | ||
| date=February 1985 | |accessdate= | ||
| accessdate= | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
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Infection with HPV is associated with some penile cancers. A quadri-valent vaccine ([[Gardasil]]) to prevent infection by the four most common variants of HPV has been developed, successfully tested, and approved by the US [[Food and Drug Administration]] for females between the ages of 9 and 26, and as of 2009, males between the ages of 16 and 26.<ref name="titleAccess to articles : Nature Reviews Drug Discovery">{{REFjournal | Infection with HPV is associated with some penile cancers. A quadri-valent vaccine ([[Gardasil]]) to prevent infection by the four most common variants of HPV has been developed, successfully tested, and approved by the US [[Food and Drug Administration]] for females between the ages of 9 and 26, and as of 2009, males between the ages of 16 and 26.<ref name="titleAccess to articles : Nature Reviews Drug Discovery">{{REFjournal | ||
| last=Crum C, Jones C, Kirkpatrick P | |last=Crum C, Jones C, Kirkpatrick P | ||
| first | |first= | ||
|title=Quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine | |||
| title=Quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine | |journal=Nature reviews. Drug discovery | ||
| journal=Nature reviews. Drug discovery | |volume=5 | ||
| volume=5 | |issue=8 | ||
| issue=8 | |pages=629-30 | ||
| pages=629-30 | |url=http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v5/n8/full/nrd2117.html | ||
| url=http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v5/n8/full/nrd2117.html | |quote= | ||
| quote= | |pubmedID=16918020 | ||
| pubmedID=16918020 | |pubmedCID= | ||
| pubmedCID= | |DOI=10.1038/nrd2117 | ||
| DOI=10.1038/nrd2117 | |date=August 2006 | ||
| date=August 2006 | |accessdate= | ||
| accessdate= | |||
}}</ref> Gardasil has been shown to also be effective in males, and has been approved by the FDA to be marketed as such.<ref name="Bloomberg">[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601202&sid=aajzweDaXZh0&refer=healthcare Cortez, Michelle Fay and Pettypiece, Shannon. "Merck Cancer Shot Cuts Genital Warts, Lesions in Men". ''Bloomberg News''. (Bloomberg.com) 13 Nov 2008.]</ref> | }}</ref> Gardasil has been shown to also be effective in males, and has been approved by the FDA to be marketed as such.<ref name="Bloomberg">[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601202&sid=aajzweDaXZh0&refer=healthcare Cortez, Michelle Fay and Pettypiece, Shannon. "Merck Cancer Shot Cuts Genital Warts, Lesions in Men". ''Bloomberg News''. (Bloomberg.com) 13 Nov 2008.]</ref> | ||