Circumcision and HIV: Difference between revisions

Line 432:

|date=January 2002

|accessdate=2019-09-29

}}</ref> By designing a trial to "detect" a minimum 50 percent reduction risk in HIV, these researchers might have ~~artifically~~ created the clinical setting to observe the effect they were looking to discover.

}}</ref> By designing a trial to "detect" a minimum 50 percent reduction risk in HIV, these researchers might have artificially created the clinical setting to observe the effect they were looking to discover.

Concerns about the three randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCTs) in Africa (in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya)<ref>Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med 2005;2(11):e298.</ref><ref>Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369(9562):643–56.</ref><ref>Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: A randomised trial. Lancet 2007;369(9562):657– 66.</ref>:

Boyle & Hill (2011) have shown these RCTs to be have significant methodological flaws and statistical errors that render their claims invalid. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in HIV was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{REFjournal

|last=Boyle

|first=Gregory J.

|author-link=

|last2=Hill

|first2=George

|author2-link=George Hill

|title=Sub-Saharan African randomised clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns

|journal=J Law Med

|date=December 2011

|volume=19

|issue=2

|pages=316-34

|url=http://www.salem-news.com/fms/pdf/2011-12_JLM-Boyle-Hill.pdf

|quote=

|pubmedID=22320006

|pubmedCID=

|DOI=

|accessdate=2019-10-13

}}</ref>

Concerns about the three randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCTs) in Africa (in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya)<ref>Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med 2005;2(11):e298.</ref><ref>Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, ''et al''. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369(9562):643–56.</ref><ref>Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: A randomised trial. ''Lancet'' 2007;369(9562):657– 66.</ref>:

* The three RCCTs were terminated early because results had reached signifıcance showing reduced HIV infections in experimental compared with control groups; however, it was too soon to gauge long-term effectiveness.

* The results have no relevance for women or for men who have sex with men.

@@ Line 432: / Line 432: @@
   |date=January 2002
   |accessdate=2019-09-29
-}}</ref> By designing a trial to "detect" a minimum 50 percent reduction risk in HIV, these researchers might have artifically created the clinical setting to observe the effect they were looking to discover.
+}}</ref> By designing a trial to "detect" a minimum 50 percent reduction risk in HIV, these researchers might have artificially created the clinical setting to observe the effect they were looking to discover.
-Concerns about the three randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCTs) in Africa (in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya)<ref>Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med 2005;2(11):e298.</ref><ref>Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369(9562):643–56.</ref><ref>Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: A randomised trial. Lancet 2007;369(9562):657– 66.</ref>:
+Boyle & Hill (2011) have shown these RCTs to be have significant methodological flaws and statistical errors that render their claims invalid. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in HIV was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Boyle
+ |first=Gregory J.
+ |author-link=
+ |last2=Hill
+ |first2=George
+ |author2-link=George Hill
+ |title=Sub-Saharan African randomised clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns
+ |journal=J Law Med
+ |date=December 2011
+ |volume=19
+ |issue=2
+ |pages=316-34
+ |url=http://www.salem-news.com/fms/pdf/2011-12_JLM-Boyle-Hill.pdf
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=22320006
+ |pubmedCID=
+ |DOI=
+ |accessdate=2019-10-13
+}}</ref>
+Concerns about the three randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCTs) in Africa (in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya)<ref>Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med 2005;2(11):e298.</ref><ref>Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, ''et al''. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369(9562):643–56.</ref><ref>Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: A randomised trial. ''Lancet'' 2007;369(9562):657– 66.</ref>:
 * The three RCCTs were terminated early because results had reached signifıcance showing reduced HIV infections in experimental compared with control groups; however, it was too soon to gauge long-term effectiveness.
 * The results have no relevance for women or for men who have sex with men.