Ischemia of the glans penis: Difference between revisions
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==Disruption of blood circulation== | ==Disruption of blood circulation== | ||
Male circumcision frequently includes excision of the [[frenulum]], which carries the frenular artery.<ref>{{REFjournal | Male [[circumcision]] frequently includes excision of the [[frenulum]], which carries the frenular artery.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Shenoy | |last=Shenoy | ||
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|accessdate=2022-02-20 | |accessdate=2022-02-20 | ||
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}}</ref> Moreover, the dorsal veins from the [[acroposthion]] are severed and excised by circumcision. This frequently results in post-circumcision [[lymphoedema]] due to the reduction in blood circulation. Ferhatoglu et al. (2019) reported edema in 108 of 198 patients or 54.5 percent, indicating substantial impairment of circulation.<ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref> Moreover, the dorsal veins from the [[acroposthion]] are severed and excised by [[circumcision]]. This frequently results in post-circumcision [[lymphoedema]] due to the reduction in blood circulation. Ferhatoglu et al. (2019) reported edema in 108 of 198 patients or 54.5 percent, indicating substantial impairment of circulation.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Ferhatoglu | |last=Ferhatoglu | ||
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==Case reports== | ==Case reports== | ||
Tzeng et al. (2004) reported the case of a 33-year-old man who experienceed ischemia of the glans penis within 24 hours after a circumcision. He was treated with intravenous pentoxifyllin and hyperbaric oxygenation.<ref name="tzeng2004">{{REFjournal | Tzeng et al. (2004) reported the case of a 33-year-old man who experienceed ischemia of the [[glans penis]] within 24 hours after a circumcision. He was treated with intravenous pentoxifyllin and hyperbaric oxygenation.<ref name="tzeng2004">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Tzeng | |last=Tzeng | ||
|first=Yuan-Sheng | |first=Yuan-Sheng | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Aslan et al. (2005) reported the case of an eleven-year-old boy who experienced ischemia of the glans penis within 24 hours of a circumcision. The boy was successfully treated with pentoxifylline injection for 5 days.<ref name="aslan2005">{{REFjournal | Aslan et al. (2005) reported the case of an eleven-year-old boy who experienced ischemia of the [[glans penis]] within 24 hours of a [[circumcision]]. The boy was successfully treated with pentoxifylline injection for 5 days.<ref name="aslan2005">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Aslan | |last=Aslan | ||
|first=Adnan | |first=Adnan | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Karaguzel et al. (2013) reported a case of ischemia of the glans penis after circumcision in a four-year-old boy. The boy was successfully treated with pentoxifylline.<ref>{{REFjournal | Karaguzel et al. (2013) reported a case of ischemia of the [[glans penis]] after [[circumcision]] in a four-year-old boy. The boy was successfully treated with pentoxifylline.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Karaguzel | |last=Karaguzel | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Migliorini et al. (2018) reported a case of ischemia of the glans penis after circumcision in a 24-year-old male. The patient was successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in combination with pentoxifylline.<ref>{{REFjournal | Migliorini et al. (2018) reported a case of ischemia of the [[glans penis]] after [[circumcision]] in a 24-year-old male. The patient was successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in combination with pentoxifylline.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Migliorini | |last=Migliorini | ||
|first=Fillipo | |first=Fillipo | ||
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==Conclusion== | ==Conclusion== | ||
The medical literature has a number of reports of successful treatment of ischemia of the glans penis. But what of the cases in which treatment was not timely instituted and the case progressed to [[necrosis]] and gangrene of the glans penis. | The medical literature has a number of reports of successful treatment of ischemia of the glans penis. But what of the cases in which treatment was not timely instituted and the case progressed to [[necrosis]] and gangrene of the [[glans penis]]. | ||
Ischemia of the glans penis after [[circumcision]] is not an act of God. It is an [[iatrogenic]] occurrence that happens when medical personnel intentionally sever blood vessels in the [[penis]] and reduce the blood circulation into and through the glans penis. | Ischemia of the glans penis after [[circumcision]] is not an act of God. It is an [[iatrogenic]] occurrence that happens when medical personnel intentionally sever blood vessels in the [[penis]] and reduce the blood circulation into and through the glans penis. | ||
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}}</ref> Medical doctors should be aware than such cases may be viewed by a future court as malpractice. | }}</ref> Medical doctors should be aware than such cases may be viewed by a future court as malpractice. | ||
The public is reminded that the usual infant [[circumcision]] does not treat or cure disease, because disease is not present. It is classified as without medical indication, non-therapeutic, and medically-unnecessary, but puts the patient at risk. | |||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||