Psychological injury of male circumcision: Difference between revisions

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Turkish child psychologist Gocke Cansever tested twelve Turkish boys before and after [[circumcision]]. Cansever (1965) confirmed the conclusions of Anna Freud (1952) and reported:

Turkish child psychologist [[Gocke Cansever]] tested twelve Turkish boys before and after [[circumcision]]. Cansever (1965) confirmed the conclusions of Anna Freud (1952) and reported:

The results of the tests showed that [[circumcision]], performed around the phallic stage is perceived by the child as an act of aggression and castration. It has detrimental effects on the child's functioning and adaptation, particularly on his ego strength. By weakening the controlling and defensive mechanisms of the ego, and initiating regression, it loosens the previously hidden fears, anxieties, and instinctual impulses, and renders a feeling of reality to them. What is expressed following the operation is primitive, archaic and unsocialized in character. As a defensive control and protection against the surge of the instinctual forces coming from within and the threats coming from outside, the ego of the child seeks safety in total withdrawal, this isolates and insulates itself from disturbing stimuli.<ref name="cansever1965">{{REFjournal

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 </blockquote>
-Turkish child psychologist Gocke Cansever tested twelve Turkish boys before and after [[circumcision]]. Cansever (1965) confirmed the conclusions of Anna Freud (1952) and reported:
+Turkish child psychologist [[Gocke Cansever]] tested twelve Turkish boys before and after [[circumcision]]. Cansever (1965) confirmed the conclusions of Anna Freud (1952) and reported:
 <blockquote>
 The results of the tests showed that [[circumcision]], performed around the phallic stage is perceived by the child as an act of aggression and castration. It has detrimental effects on the child's functioning and adaptation, particularly on his ego strength. By weakening the controlling and defensive mechanisms of the ego, and initiating regression, it loosens the previously hidden fears, anxieties, and instinctual impulses, and renders a feeling of reality to them. What is expressed following the operation is primitive, archaic and unsocialized in character. As a defensive control and protection against the surge of the instinctual forces coming from within and the threats coming from outside, the ego of the child seeks safety in total withdrawal, this isolates and insulates itself from disturbing stimuli.<ref name="cansever1965">{{REFjournal