Adolescent and adult circumcision: Difference between revisions

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* Deformed foreskins — The common type of deformed foreskin is the narrow non-retractable foreskin of [[phimosis]]. Circumcision was the traditional treatment for phimosis, however circumcision is less performed today because newer conservative treatments are now available that preserve the [[foreskin]] and its many useful functions. There is a wide range of normal in foreskin length. [[Long foreskin| Longer foreskins]] are not deformed, so do ''not'' justify circumcision.

* Diseased foreskins — Diseases for which circumcision may be indicated include [[Penile cancer|malignant tumor]],[[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| lichen sclerosis]], recurrent yeast infection in diabetic males (after conservative treatment fails),<ref name="verma2011">{{REFjournal

* Diseased foreskins — Diseases for which circumcision may be indicated include [[Penile cancer|malignant tumor]],[[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| lichen sclerosis]], recurrent [[balanoposthitis]], [[gangrene]], and recurrent yeast infection in diabetic males (after conservative treatment fails),<ref name="verma2011">{{REFjournal

|last=Verma

|first=Shyam B.

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|DOI=10.2147/IJGM.S17875

|accessdate=2020-12-19

}}</ref> ~~recurrent [[balanoposthitis]], and [[gangrene]].~~

}}</ref>

* Damaged foreskins — This includes any type of physical [[trauma]] and injury that is beyond surgical repair. Zipper injury does not require circumcision.<ref name="flowerdew1977">{{REFjournal

@@ Line 196: / Line 196: @@
 * Deformed foreskins — The common type of deformed foreskin is the narrow non-retractable foreskin of [[phimosis]]. Circumcision was the traditional treatment for phimosis, however circumcision is less performed today because newer conservative treatments are now available that preserve the [[foreskin]] and its many useful functions. There is a wide range of normal in foreskin length. [[Long foreskin| Longer foreskins]] are not deformed, so do ''not'' justify circumcision.
-* Diseased foreskins — Diseases for which circumcision may be indicated include [[Penile cancer|malignant tumor]],[[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| lichen sclerosis]], recurrent yeast infection in diabetic males (after conservative treatment fails),<ref name="verma2011">{{REFjournal
+* Diseased foreskins — Diseases for which circumcision may be indicated include [[Penile cancer|malignant tumor]],[[Balanitis xerotica obliterans| lichen sclerosis]], recurrent [[balanoposthitis]], [[gangrene]], and recurrent yeast infection in diabetic males (after conservative treatment fails),<ref name="verma2011">{{REFjournal
   |last=Verma
   |first=Shyam B.
@@ Line 218: / Line 218: @@
   |DOI=10.2147/IJGM.S17875
   |accessdate=2020-12-19
-}}</ref> recurrent [[balanoposthitis]], and [[gangrene]].
+}}</ref>
 * Damaged foreskins — This includes any type of physical [[trauma]] and injury that is beyond surgical repair. Zipper injury does not require circumcision.<ref name="flowerdew1977">{{REFjournal