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Featuring Dr. [[Dean Edell]]
Some Historical American Female Circumcision medical papers: * http://www.historyofcircumcision.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=68
Like its male counterpart, circumcision of females has two histories. First it is a ritual or customary practice among tribal societies (mostly in Africa) and some Islamic communities. Secondly it is a medical intervention, justified by Victorian (and, in the USA, some twentieth century) doctors in exactly the same way as they rationalised circumcision of boys: to deter masturbation, to treat obscure nervous disorders such as hysteria, neurasthenia and epilepsy, and thereby to promote health.
Type 3: Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening (infibulation)
Type 4: Unclassified (but may include): * pricking, piercing or incision of the clitoris and/or labia; * stretching of the clitoris and/or labia; * cauterization by burning of the clitoris and surrounding tissue; * introcision; * scraping (angurya cuts) or cutting (gishri cuts) of the vagina or surrounding tissue; * introduction of corrosive substances or herbs into the vagina; * any other procedure that falls under the definition of female genital mutilation given above.
[[Category:Film]]