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<b>Ethics</b> is defined as "the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group".
Male circumcisions are usually performed by medical doctors for profit, so the more specific principals of <b>medical ethics</b> or <b>bioethics</b> are applicable to the practice of [[circumcision]].
The four main principles of medical ethics are:
* autonomy (respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions),
* beneficence (acting in the best interest of the patient),
* non-maleficence (avoiding harm to the patient), and
* justice (ensuring fair treatment for all patients).<ref name="beautchamp1999">{{REFbook
|last=Beauchamp
|first=
|init=TL
|author-link=
|last2=
|first2=
|init2=
|author2-link=
|year=1999
|title=Contemporary Issues in Bioethics
|url=
|work=
|editor=Beachamp TL, Walters L
|edition=
|volume=
|chapter=Chapter One
|scope=
|page=
|pages=18-22
|location=New York
|publisher=Wadsworth Publishing Company
|ISBN=0-534-50176-0
|quote=
|accessdate=2025-06-27
|note=
}}</ref>
These principles guide healthcare professionals in making ethical decisions in patient care.
Male [[circumcision]] is the surgical removal of the [[foreskin]] (prepuce) from the human [[penis]].<ref name=sawyer_2011>{{REFbook
|last=Sawyer