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Noble et al. (2019) reported:
<blockquote>
Early circumcision, within the first 3 days of life, may have a negative effect on the duration of breastfeeding. In our study, circumcised male infants had more than 4 fewer weeks of breastfeeding than their sibling controls. It may be beneficial to delay circumcision till after breastfeeding is properly established.<ref name="noble2024">{{REFjournal
|last=Noble
|first=
|init=L
|author-link=
|last2=Eventov-Friedman
|first2=
|init2=S
|author2-link=
|last3=Hand
|first3=
|init3=I
|author3-link=
|last4=Meerkin
|first4=
|init4=D
|author4-link=
|last5=Gorodetsky
|first5=
|init5=O
|author5-link=
|last6=Noble
|first6=
|init6=L
|author6-link=
|etal=no
|title=Breastfeeding Intensity and Exclusivity of Early Term Infants at Birth and 1 Month
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Breastfeed Med
|location=
|date=2019-07
|volume=14
|issue=6
|article=
|page=
|pages=398-406
|url=
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=30990328
|DOI=10.1089/bfm.2018.0260
|accessdate=2024-07-21
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
|publisher=[[Peaceful Parentingparenting]]
→Circumcision impairs commencement of breastfeeding: Add text and citation.
[[File:Breastfeeding.jpg|thumb|Breastfeeding a newborn baby at the mother's breast, which is swollen due to milk production. The baby is held in such a way that it can continue to breathe through the nose.]]
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition for the first six months of life according to the [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] and the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]].<ref name="cps2013">{{REFjournal
|last=Critch
|DOI=10.1542/peds.2022-057988
|accessdate=2022-12-06
}}</ref> Human milk should be the sole source of nutrition for the first six months, however the [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] (2013) and the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] (2022) recommended supplementation with Vitamin D.<ref name="cps2013"/><ref name="aap2022"/> Complementary foods are introduced at about six months of age, but breastfeeding should continue.<ref name="cps2013"/><ref name="aap2022"/>
The [[WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] recommend recommend that children initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of birth and be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life — meaning no other foods or liquids are provided, including water. Infants should be breastfed on demand — that is as often as the child wants, day and night. No bottles, teats or pacifiers should be used. From the age of 6 months, children should begin eating safe and adequate complementary foods while continuing to breastfeed for up to 2 years and beyond.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref>
Tan et al. (2019) reported:
<blockquote>
Early circumcision, within the first 3 days of life, may have a negative effect on the duration of breastfeeding. In our study, circumcised male infants had more than 4 fewer weeks of breastfeeding than their sibling controls. It may be beneficial to delay circumcision till after breastfeeding is properly established.<ref name="tan2024">{{REFjournal
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] reported that more than 80 percent of American mothers breastfeed, which makes breastfeeding the cultural norm in the [[United States]].<ref name="aap2022"/>
== Benefits of breastfeeding ==
The advahtages advantages of breastfeeding have long been known. [[James Calvert Spence]] (1938) reported the benefits to the health and welfare of the infant.<ref name="spence1938">{{REFjournal
|last=Spence
|first=
The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] reported that, as compared with formula feeding, breastfeeding reduces [[SIDS|sudden infant death syndrome]] (SIDS), infant and neonatal mortality, lower respiratory tract infection, severe or persistent diarrhea, otitis media, asthma, eczema, Crohn's disease, colitis, childhood and adult obesity, diabetes, and leukemia.<ref name="aap2022" />
In infancy, simple sugars in breast milk, like antibacterial oligosaccharides, are acquired from the mother's milk and excreted in [[urine]]. University studies have shown that these substances cling to the [[mucosa]]l lining of the inner foreskin and protect against urinary tract infections,<ref>{{REFbook |last=Hanson |init=LA, |last2=Karlsson |init2=B, |last3=Jalil |init3=F, et al. |etal=yes |chapter=Antiviral and antibacterial factors in human milk. In: |editor=Hanson LA, ed. '' |title=Biology of Human Milk''. |location=New York |publisher=Raven Press; |year=1988. pp. |pages=141-57}}</ref> as well as [[infection]] in other parts of the body.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Coppa |init=GV, |last2=Gabrielli |init2=O, |last3=Giorgi |init3=P, |last4=Catassi |init4=C, |last5=Montanari |init5=MP, |last6=Veraldo |init6=PE, |last7=Nichols |init7=BL. |title=Preliminary study of breast feeding and bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells. '' |journal=Lancet'' |date=1990 Mar -03-10; |volume=335( |issue=8689): |pages=569-71.}}</ref> Babies excrete in their [[urine]] about 300-500 milligrams of oligosaccharides each day. These compounds prevent virulent strains of ''Escherichia coli'' from adhering to the [[mucosa]] lining of the entire urinary tract, including the [[foreskin]] and [[glans]]. For these reasons breast-milk is highly efficacious at preventing [[UTI]].<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Gothefors |init=L, |last2=Olling |init2=S, |last3=Winberg |init3=J. |title=Breastfeeding and biological properties of faecal ''E. coli'' strains. '' |journal=Acta Paediatr Scand'' |date=1975 Nov;-11 |volume=54( |issue=6): |pages=807-12.}}</ref> Rigorous studies have repeatedly demonstrated that breast feeding protects against urinary tract infections.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Mårild |init=S. |title=Breastfeeding and Urinary Tract tract Infections. '' |journal=Lancet'' |date=1990; |volume=336: |page=942.}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Pisacane |init=A, et al. |etal=yes |title=Breastfeeding and urinary tract infection. ''The |journal=Lancet'', July 7, |date=1990, p50 -07-07 |page=50}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Pisacane |init=A, |last2=Graziano |init2=L, |last3=Mazzarella |init3=G, et al. |etal=yes |title=Breast-feeding and urinary tract infection. '' |journal=J Pediatr'' |date=1992; |volume=120: |pages=87-89.}}</ref>
== Contraindications to breastfeeding ==
|DOI=10.1542/peds.108.3.793
|accessdate=2022-12-08
}}</ref> [[Circumcised]] boys will be very uncomfortable and fussy when compared with [[intact]] boys and girls.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://thewholetruth.data.blog/2025/06/25/fussy-boys-calm-girls-how-circumcision-distorts-our-view-of-gender-behavior/
|title=Fussy Boys & Calm Girls: How Circumcision Distorts Our View of Gender Behavior
|last=Barrett
|first=
|init=JL
|author-link=
|publisher=The Whole Truth
|date=2025-06-25
|accessdate=2025-06-26
}}</ref> The newborn infant boy is left in a debilitated state in which he may be unable to initiate breastfeeding,<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Lee
|accessdate=2023-12-16
}}</ref> and is not recommended by any medical society in the world, while breastfeeding has numerous health benefits and is recommended world-wide.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Immunological protection of breastfeeding]]
* [[La Leche League International]]
* [[Protection of intact newborns in hospital]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|date=1994-09
|accessdate=2022-12-09
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/birth/
|title=Effects of circumcision on breastfeeding, maternal bonding, and child development
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Circumcision Reference Library
|date=2013
|accessdate=2025-04-26
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.academia.edu/19713609/Breastfeeding_Interference_from_Circumcision
|title=Breastfeeding Interference from Circumcision
|last=Bollinger
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=
|publisher=[[Intact America]]
|date=2015-12-17
|accessdate=2024-08-23
}}
* {{REFweb
|date=2020-08
|accessdate=2022-12-06
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.savingsons.org/2016/08/breastfeeding-and-circumcision-resources.html
|title=Breastfeeding and Circumcision Resources
|publisher=Breastfeeding and Circumcision Resources
|date=2022
|website=[[Saving Our Sons]]
|accessdate=2024-09-04
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.yourwholebaby.org/search?q=breastfeeding
|title=Breastfeeding Index
|publisher=[[Your Whole Baby]]
|date=
|accessdate=2022-12-11
|url=http://www.drmomma.org/2020/09/babys-breastfeeding-pattern.html
|title=Baby's Breastfeeding Pattern
|date=
|accessdate=2022-12-11
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-impact-early-bonding-between-mother-child/
|title=How Circumcision Affects the Early Bonding Process Between Mother and Child
|last=Alissa
|first=K
|init=
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=[[Intact America]]
|date=2025-01-26
|accessdate=2025-01-28
}}
{{REF}}