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Male circumcisions are usually performed by medical doctors for profit, so the more specific principals of <b>medical ethics</b> or <b>bioethics</b> are applicable to the practice of [[circumcision]].
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Human dignity is the term given to the principle that human and human life are entitled to respect. The United Nations has developed many [[human rights]] instruments that provide guidance on protecting human dignity generally."<ref>{{REFbook |last=President's Council on Bioethics |first= |init= |year=2008-03 |title=Human Dignity and Bioethics |url= |scope= |location=Washington, DC |publisher=President's Council on Bioethics |ISBN= |accessdate=2025-06-28 }}</ref> <b>Ethics</b> is defined as "the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group".<b>MedicaL ethics</b> or <b>bioethics</b> provide guidance on protecting the human dignity of patients in medical treatment.
==Principles of medical ethics==
The four main principles of medical ethics are:
These principles guide healthcare professionals in making ethical decisions in patient care.
Male circumcisions are usually performed by medical doctors for profit, so the more specific principals of <b>medical ethics</b> or <b>bioethics</b> are applicable to the practice of [[circumcision]].
Male [[circumcision]] is the surgical removal of the [[foreskin]] (prepuce) from the human [[penis]].<ref name=sawyer_2011>{{REFbook
|last=Sawyer