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|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/richards/
|accessdate=2008-04-11
}}</ref> The [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] (2015) recommends that circumcisions done in the absence of a [[medical indication]] or for personal reasons "should be deferred until the individual concerned is able to make their own choices."<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal |last=Mayan |first=Madhur |init= |author-link= |last2=Hamilton |first2=Robert J. |init2= |author2-link= |last3=Juurlink |first3=David N. |init3= |author3-link= |last4=Austin |first4=Peter C. |init4= |author4-link= |last5=Jarvi |first5=Keith A. |init5= |author5-link= |etal=no |title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada |journal=J Urol |location= |date=2023-06-08 |volume= |issue= |article= |page= |pages= |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234 |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring [[HIV]] among men from Ontario, Canada. |pubmedID=34551593 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234 |accessdate=2025-06-29}}</ref>
Regardless of these issues, the unethical general practice of the medical community in the United States is to receive surrogate informed consent or permission from parents or legal guardians for non-therapeutic circumcision of children.<ref name="povenmire"/><ref name="conundrum" />