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Principles of medical ethics: Add text and citation.
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These principles guide healthcare professionals in making ethical decisions in patient care.
There are also a number of secondary principles of medical ethics that include:
* Provision of futile, ineffective, or unnecessary treatment
* Misuse of medical resources
* Surrogate consent
* Informed consent
* Patient exploitation
* Duties to child-patients
* Preservation of the child’s right to an open future<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/medical-ethics/
|title=Medical Ethics and the Non-therapeutic Circumcision of Male Children
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
|date=2020-08
|accessdate=2025-06-30
}}</ref>
Male circumcisions are usually performed by medical doctors for profit, so the more specific principals of <b>medical ethics</b> or <b>bioethics</b> are applicable to the practice of [[circumcision]].
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