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→Principles of medical ethics
Circumcision ([[MGM]]) of male minors violates every one of these principles of medical ethics.
Male circumcisions are usually performed by medical doctors for profit, so the more specific principals principles of <b>medical ethics</b> or <b>bioethics</b> are applicable to the practice of [[circumcision]].
Male [[circumcision]] is the surgical removal of the [[foreskin]] (prepuce) from the human [[penis]].<ref name=sawyer_2011>{{REFbook
|last=Sawyer
}}</ref> The foreskin has [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions]], which are irreversibly destroyed and cease to function after the [[amputation]] of the foreskin by circumcision, imposing a lifetime loss of functional tissue and loss of function upon the patient. The '''ethics of non-therapeutic child circumcision''' being imposed on unconsenting minors (babies and children) has been a source of ongoing controversy.<ref name="bma2006">Committee on Medical Ethics. [https://www.bma.org.uk/advice/employment/ethics/children-and-young-people/non-therapeutic-male-circumcision-of-children-ethics-toolkit The law and ethics of male circumcision: Guidance for doctors]. London: British Medical Association 2006.</ref>
There is no disease present in the newborn [[penis ]] and no medical indication exists for [[circumcision of the newborn]].<ref>{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Wright
|first=