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|accessdate=2025-06-30
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Circumcision ([[MGM]]) of male minors violates every one of these principles of medical ethics.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/medical-ethics/ |title=Medical Ethics and the Non-therapeutic Circumcision of Male Children |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision |date=2020-08 |accessdate=2025-06-29}}</ref>
Male circumcisions are usually performed by medical doctors for profit, so the more specific principles of <b>medical ethics</b> or <b>bioethics</b> are applicable to the practice of [[circumcision]].
}}</ref> This may mean that the AAP now recognizes the child as a person with legal rights of his/her own.
Boys are born with a healthy [[foreskin]] that is free of disease. There are no medical indications for a neonatal [[circumcision]]. The [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]] and other promoters have put forward various alleged benefits from neonatal circumcision for decades to develop business for their physican-members, but they are not valid. There are no medical indications for a neonatal [[circumcision]].
The validity of surrogate consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of boys has been questioned for decades.<ref name="povenmire"/> <ref name="richards" /> <ref name="hill2003">{{REFjournal
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* {{REFweb |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/medical-ethics/ |title=Medical Ethics and the Non-therapeutic Circumcision of Male Children |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision |date=2020-08 |accessdate=2025-06-29}}
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