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→Patient exploitation
[[Third-party payment]] is a major support to the performance of this injurious medically-unnecessary surgery. If parents could not grant consent for non-therapeutic circumcision, then no one could grant consent for the non-therapeutic circumcision of a child, so the $3.6 billion annual business would collapse. The American [[Medical trade association| medical trade associations]], more than those of other nations, have been unwilling to recognize the child's [[human rights]] to [[physical integrity]], to security of the person, and the right to personal autonomy.
The performance of harmful, medically not indicated circumcision upon a child simply to collect a surgical fee must be regarded as <b>patient exploitation</b>.<ref>Principle 13, [https://www.cfpc.ca/CFPC/media/Resources/Education/CMA-Code-of-Ethics.pdf CMA Code of Ethics]. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association; updated 2004.</ref>
==Is circumcision without valid consent battery?==