Changes

The Healthy Children website is owned and controlled by the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] (AAP), which is a [[medical trade association]]and ''not'' any kind of "academy". Medical trade associations advance and promote the business, financial, and legal interests of its physician members. The AAP uses the Healthy Children Website to promote additional business for its pediatrician members. Parents should always remember that doctors make [[money]] from doing [[circumcision]] and do not make money when circumcision is not done. This creates substantial [[bias]] in information about circumcision provided by doctors.

}}</ref> we are immediately confronted with a violation of [[medical ethics]] in the very title of the article. The title suggests that parents should act as a surrogate to grant [[surrogate consent]] for non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]], which has no medical indication as boys are not born with a diseased [[penis]]. The AAP's own Committee on Bioethics limits the use of surrogate consent to diagnosis and treatment of disease when necessary to maintain health.<refname="bioethics1995">{{REFjournal

}}</ref> This is immediately seen as a shocking disregard for well established pediatric medical ethics, since it is a violation of any infant boy's right to <i>autonomy</i>. The Committee on Bioethics (1995) elaborated:<blockquote>Such providers have legal and ethical duties to their child patients to render competent medical care based on what the patient needs, not what someone else expresses. Although impasses regarding the interests of minors and the expressed wishes of their parents or guardians are rare, the pediatrician's responsibilities to his or her patient exist independent of parental desires or proxy consent.<ref name="bioethics1995" /></blockquote>