Difference between revisions of "Infection"
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|DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120645 | |DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120645 | ||
|accessdate=2022-01-09 | |accessdate=2022-01-09 | ||
| + | }}</ref> Nelson et al. (1976) reported a prolonged case of hospital nursery infection in which the pathogen was ''streptococcus''.<ref name="nelson1976">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Nelson | ||
| + | |first=JD | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |last2=Dillon, Jr. | ||
| + | |first2= | ||
| + | |init2=HC | ||
| + | |author2-link= | ||
| + | |last3=Howard | ||
| + | |first3=JB | ||
| + | |init3= | ||
| + | |author3-link= | ||
| + | |etal=no | ||
| + | |title=A prolonged nursery epidemic associated with a newly recognized type of group A streptococcus | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal=J Pediatr | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |date=1976-11 | ||
| + | |volume=89 | ||
| + | |issue=5 | ||
| + | |article= | ||
| + | |page= | ||
| + | |pages=792-6 | ||
| + | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/nelson1/ | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |pubmedID=789841 | ||
| + | |pubmedCID= | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1016/s0022-3476(76)80809-8 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-01-10 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:01, 11 January 2022
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Infection is invasion of the body by organisms (pathogens) that have the potential to cause disease. The pathogen may be bacterial, fungal, or viral.[1]
Circumcision infection
Circumcision is a surgical operation and amputation that creates an open surgical wound on the penis. The open wound does not heal immediately. For a period of time during and after the surgery it is subject to invasion by a wide variety of bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens.[2]
Maternity hospitals gather together newborn infants into a hospital nursery where they are cared for, which increases the risk of passing infection from one to the others. If an infant is compromised by an open surgical wound that infant is more likely to become infected. Male infants in America, where non-therapeutic infant circumcision is popular, are more likely to be infected than female infants. Staphylococcus is a common infection and is worse when a methicillin resistant strain (MRSA) is involved. Thompson et al. (1966) reported a higher risk of staphylococcus infection in newborn circumcised males.[3] Nelson et al. (1976) reported a prolonged case of hospital nursery infection in which the pathogen was streptococcus.[4]
In cases of adult circumcision, erections may cause wound dehiscence (splitting open of the surgical wound) thereby increasing the risk of infection.[5]
Case reports
Rosenstein (1941) reported a case of diphtheria infection in the circumcision wound of a three-year-old child who died on the eighth day after surgery.[6]
Sauer (1943) reported a case of staphylococcus bronchopneumonia following infant circumcision in which death occurred on the 18th day of life.[7]
Kirkpatrick & Eitzman (1974) reported two cases of septicemia (infection in the blood) after non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision in which the patients almost died.[8]
Ritual circumcision
Professor L. Emmett Holt (1913) reported 41 cases of tuberculosis in ritually circumcised boys who had been infected by tubercular mohels, of whom 16 had died at the time of writing.[9]
More recently, cases of infection of baby boys with herpes simplex have been reported. One death and brain damage in another has occurred.[10]
Ritual circumcision is a cause of urinary tract infection (UTI).[11][12][13][14]
References
- ↑
(2012). Infection
, The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 8 January 2022. - ↑
Williams N, Kapilla, Leela. Complications of circumcision. Brit J Surg. October 1993; 80(10): 1231-6. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
- ↑ Thompson DJ, Gezon HM, Rogers KD, Yee RB, Hatch TF. Excess risk of staphylococcus infection and disease in newborn males.. Am J Epidemiol. September 1966; 84(2): 314-28. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ Nelson, JD, Dillon, Jr. HC, Howard, JB. A prolonged nursery epidemic associated with a newly recognized type of group A streptococcus. J Pediatr. November 1976; 89(5): 792-6. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ Kaplan GW. Complications of circumcision. Urol Clin N Amer. 1983; 10(08): 543-9. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- ↑ Rosenstein JL. Wound diphtheria in the newborn infant following circumcision: report of a case. J Pediatr. 1941; 18: 657-8. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ Sauer LW. Fatal staphylococcus bronchopneumonia following ritual circumcision. Am J Obstetr Gynecol. 1943; 46: 583. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick BV, Eitzman DV. Neonatal septicemia after circumcision. Clin Pediatr. September 1974; 19(9): 767-8. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ Holt LE. Tuberculosis acquired through ritual circumcision. JAMA. 1913; LXI(2): 99-102. Retrieved January 2022.
- ↑
Frieden, Thomas: An open letter to the Jewish Community from the New York City Health Commissioner 
, City of New York. (13 December 2005). Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ↑ Smith RM. Recent contributions to the study of pyelitis in infancy. Am J Dis Child. 1916; XII: 235.243.
- ↑ Cohen H, et al. Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection. Clinical Pediatrics. 1992; : 322-324.
- ↑ Goldman M, Barr J, Bistritzer T, Aladjem M. Urinary tract infection following ritual jewish circumcision. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. 1996; 32(11): 1098-1102.
- ↑ Prais D, Shoov-Furman R, Amir J. Is circumcision a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infections?. Arch Dis Child. 6 October 2008; DOI.
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