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{{Construction Site}}Dr. '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' , B.Sc., MBBS, FRACGP, is a [[Circumcised doctors| circumcised doctor]], general practitioner , and Jewish ''[[mohel]] '' who practises medicine in Melbourne, Victoria, [[Australia]]. The ''Daily Mail'' reports that the [https://www.medicalboard.gov.au Medical Board of Australia] has banned him from performing [[circumcision]] after he amputated the [[penis| penises]] of two boys while performing ritual circumcisions in homes.<ref>{{REFnews

Many Jews believe that the ritual of [[Brit Milah]] is required by the so-called [[Abrahamic covenant]], which is the most sacred ritual of [[Judaism]], although it is increasingly being questioned.<ref>http://www.amazon.com/Questioning-Circumcision-Perspective-Ronald-Goldman/dp/0964489562/</ref>Reports from [[Israel]] indicate that many Jewish parents are not having their sons [[circumcised]]. Non-therapeutic "cosmetic" circumcision has long been banned at public hospitals in [[Australia]].<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Anonymous |init= |author-link= |last2= |init2= |author2-link= |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/09/protection-offered-by-circumcision-does-not-warrant-lifting-ban-say-doctors |title=Protection offered by circumcision does not warrant lifting ban, say doctors |journal=The Guardian |date=2017-02-08 |volume= |issue= |pages= |accessdate=2024-05-24}}</ref>  [https://www.amawa.com.au/news/mark-duncan-smith-elected-as-new-president-of-ama-wa/ Dr Mark Duncan-Smith], the president of the AMA (WA), issued a warning to parents on 10 December 2021 regarding non-therapeutic child [[circumcision]]. Dr. Duncan-Smith said parents should only "follow through with the procedure if there is a valid medical reason." According to Dr Duncan-Smith only about ten percent of boys in Western Australia are now being [[circumcised]].<ref>{{REFnews |url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10293843/Circumcision-warning-two-year-old-dies-brother-bleeds-Western-Australia.html |title=Parents are warned against circumcising their children after a toddler, 2, died 'of a reaction to anaesthetic' and his baby brother almost bled out |last=Wondracz |first=Aidan |init=A |publisher=Daily Mail |date=2021-12-09 |accessdate=2024-05-25}}</ref>== Potential civil and criminal liability ==[[Davis Richards]] (1996) quoted Marion's case, which said:<blockquote>"[W]here there is a doubt about the therapeutic character of a proposed procedure, those who would be involved in the procedure may be at risk if they act merely upon a purported authorisation given by the parent or other guardian."<ref>Secretary, Department of Health and Community Services v JWB and SMB (1992) 175 CLR 218 at 275.</ref></blockquote>Richards concluded:<blockquote>Ritual male circumcision is non-therapeutic and is not warranted or justified by medical evidence. This form of mutilation should not be legally distinguished from female circumcision which is a form of female genital mutilation presently in the process of being prohibited throughout Australia and the Western world. As ritual male circumcision is non-therapeutic, may be against public policy, and clearly is not in the best interests of the child, a parent's consent may be vitiated, leaving persons involved in the procedure liable in negligence, notwithstanding parental religious beliefs. Alternatively, if a medical practitioner fails to give the parent reasonable information on the risks of and alternatives to ritual circumcision, the practitioner may also be liable in negligence.<ref>David Richards. [https://www.cirp.org/library/legal/richards/ Male Circumcision: Medical or Ritual?] 3 J Law Medicine 371 (1996).</ref></blockquote>[[J. Neville Turner]], Professor of Law at Melbourne's [https://www.monash.edu/ Monash University] and president of [https://www.ozchild.org.au/ Oz Child], has argued that "circumcised boys may sue."<ref name="turner1996">{{REFjournal |last=Turner |init=N |author-link= |url=https://www.noharmm.org/boysmaysue.htm |title=Circumcised boys may sue |journal=The Health Law Update (Australia) |date=1996-02-23 |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=1-2 |accessdate=2024-05-25}}</ref> Professor Turner cited Marion's case, the 1992 High Court of Australia case regarding parental consent.<ref>[https://www.globalhealthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/HC-1992-Marions-Case.pdf Department of Health & Community Services v JWB & SMB] (“Marion’s Case”) (1992) 175 CLR 218; [1992] HCA 15</ref> Boyle et al. (2000) suggested that [[circumcision]] of incompetent minors may constitute criminal assault. They also suggested that civil liability may apply and cited cases in which damages were obtained for circumcision.<ref>Gregory J Boyle, J Steven Svoboda, Christopher P Price, J Neville Turner. [https://www.cirp.org/library/legal/boyle1/ Circumcision of Healthy Boys: Criminal Assault?] 7 J Law Med 301 (2000).</ref> It is not clear what civil and/or criminal penalties Dr. Goldman may face.