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|issue=10
|pages=389-90
|url=4644911https://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/parkash3/
|archived=
|quote=The prepuce is not a useless structure. If proper personal hygiene is observed, the risk of malignancy is not high enough to justify its ritual excision. Besides the prepuce provides valuable spare skin for cover in various conditions. Conservation of the prepuce is fully justified even in cases with phimosis which does not resolve spontaneously or which is not giving rise to symptoms.
|pubmedID=4644911
|pubmedCID=
|accessdate=2024-07-05
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)60164-2
|accessdate=2024-07-05
}}</ref>
* Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) studied the nature and function of the layer of muscle fiber in the prepuce. The authors discovered the whorled pattern that produces a sphincter. They commented on the manner in which the [[foreskin]] is held close to the [[glans penis]]. They were the first to describe the [[gliding action]] of the foreskin that facilitates intercourse.<ref name="lakshmanan1980">{{REFjournal
|last= Lakshmanan
|init=S
|author-link=
|last2=Parkash
|init2=S
|author2-link=
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/lakshmanan/
|title=Human prepuce: some aspects of structure and function
|journal=Indian J Surg
|date=1980
|volume=44
|issue=
|pages=134-7
|accessdate=2024-07-05
}}</ref>
* Parkash et al. (1982) studied the source of the wetness that is characteristic of the [[preputial sac]]. They determined that the wetness did not come from urine. They said:
<blockquote>
As such it appears safe to conclude that the space is kept moist and also clean in those with preputial stenosis, by the secretions of the prostate, supplemented by the seminal secretion of the mucin content of the secretion of the urethral glands.<ref name="parkash1982A">{{REFjournal
|last=Parkash
|first=
|init=S
|author-link=
|last2=Rao
|first2=
|init2=R
|author2-link=
|last3=Venkatesan
|first3=
|init3=K
|author3-link=
|last4=Ramakrishnan
|first4=
|init4=S
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Sub-preputial wetness - Its nature.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Ann Nat Med Sci (India
|location=
|date=1982
|volume=18
|issue=3
|pages=109-12
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/prakash/
|archived=
|quote=As such it appears safe to conclude that the space is kept moist and also clean in those with preputial stenosis, by the secretions of the prostate, supplemented by the seminal secretion of the mucin content of the secretion of the urethral glands
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|accessdate=2024-07-05
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
* Parkash (1982) argued against non-therapeutic (routine) circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Parkash
|first=
|init=S
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Is routine circumcision necessary?
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= J Indian Med Assoc
|location=
|date=1982-05
|volume=78
|issue=(9-10)
|article=
|page=
|pages=150-1
|url=
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=7130729
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-07-09
}}</ref>
* Agarwal et al. (2005) studied preputial retraction in Indian boys. <ref name="agarwal2005">{{REFjournal
|last=Agarwal
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=
|last2=Mohta
|first2=
|init2=A
|author2-link=
|last3=Anand
|first3=
|init3=RK
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=Preputial retraction in children
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg
|location=
|date=2005-04
|season=
|volume=10
|issue=2
|article=
|pages=89-91
|url=https://journals.lww.com/jiap/fulltext/2005/10020/preputial_retraction_in_children.5.aspx
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.4103/0971-9261.16468
|accessdate=2024-07-05
}}</ref>
==A new surgical technique from India==
Gupta, Mehta, & Gupta (2021), working in India, have described a new surgical technique to provide coverage of the [[glans penis]] at all times, including tumescent, for men who were involuntarily [[circumcised]] in childhood or who had a congenitally short prepuce ([[foreskin]]). The procedure has been performed on 46 patients with apparent complete success, although penetrating sexual performance has not been evaluated.<ref name="gupta2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Gupta
|first=Ritchie
|init=
|author-link=
|last2=Mehta
|first2=Sandeep
|init2=
|author2-link=
|last3=Gupta
|first3=Rajat
|init3=
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=A Novel Procedure of Prepuce Reconstruction Customized to the Religious Needs of Some Individuals
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Int J Plast Surg
|location=
|date=2021-04
|volume=54
|issue=2
|pages=114-7
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297551/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=34305339
|pubmedCID=8297551
|DOI=10.1055/s-0041-1731621
|accessdate=2024-07-05
}}</ref>