Changes

Section 1. Keynote Address<br> Evolutionary Cultural Ethics and Circumcision of Children<br> — N. Toubia

Section 2. The Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology of the Human Prepuce<br> Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Penis<br> — S. Scott Anatomy and Histology of the Penile and Clitoral Prepuce in Primates: Evolutionary Perspective of Specialized Sensory Tissue of the External Genitalia — C. J. Cold and K. A. McGrath Significance and Function of Preputial Langerhans Cells — G. L. Williams<br>

Section 3. Current Research on Circumcision Anatomy and Histology of the Penile and Phimosis The History Clitoral Prepuce in Primates: Evolutionary Perspective of Specialized Sensory Tissue of Phimosis from Antiquity to the PresentExternal Genitalia<br> — FC. MJ. Hodges Diagnosis Cold and Treatment of Phimosis — S. CK. Donnell Anaesthesia for Circumcision: A Review of the Literature — R. S. Van HoweMcGrath<br> Neonatal Circumcision Significance and HIV InfectionFunction of Preputial Langerhans Cells<br> — RG. SL. Van HoweWilliams

Section 43. Genital Mutilation: Religious Current Research on Circumcision and Cultural ConsiderationsPhimosis<br> Muslims’ Genitalia in the Hands The History of Phimosis from Antiquity to the Clergy: Religious Arguments about Male and Femle CircumcisionPresent<br> — SF. AM. Aldeeb Abu- SahlichHodges<br> Evangelical Christianity Diagnosis and Its Relation to Infant Male CircumcisionTreatment of Phimosis<br> — JS. DC. BigelowDonnell<br> A Jewish Perspective on Circumcision — J. Goodman Anaesthesia for Circumcision: An African Point A Review of Viewthe Literature<br> — GR. BS. TangwaVan Howe<br> Unifying Language: Religious Neonatal Circumcision and Cultural ConsiderationsHIV Infection<br> — JR. PS. BakerVan Howe<br><br>

Section 54. Psychological Aspects of Genital Mutilation: Religious and Cultural Considerations<br>Muslims’ Genitalia in the Hands of the Clergy: Religious Arguments about Male and Femle Circumcision<br>— S. A. Aldeeb Abu- Sahlich<br>Evangelical Christianity and Its Relation to Infant Male Circumcision<br>— J. D. Bigelow<br>A Jewish Perspective on Circumcision— J. Goodman<br>Circumcision: An African Point of View<br>— G. B. Tangwa<br>Unifying Language: Religious and Cultural Considerations<br>— J. P. Baker<br><br>

Section 5. Psychological Aspects of Genital Mutilation<br>Motivations for Modifications of the Human Body<br> — G. Zwang<br> Psychoanalysis of Circumcision<br> — M. Tractenberg<br> Post Trumatic Stress Disorder After Genital Medical Procedures<br> — J. Menage<br> Tyranny of the Victims: An Analysis of Circumcision Advocacy<br> — G. C. Denniston<br> Epidemiological, Medical, Legal, and Psychological Aspects of Mutilated/At-Risk Girls in Italy: A Bioethical Focus<br> — P. Grassivaro Gallo, L. Araldi, F. Viviani, and R. Gaddini<br> Circumcision in America in 1998: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Charges of American Physicians<br> — C. R. Fletcher<br> Facing Circumcision: Eight Physicians Tell Their Stories<br> — B. Katz Sperlich and M. Conant<br> Neonatal from a Primal Health Research Perspective<br> — M. Odent<br> Celebrating Phallos: Healing Men and Culture<br> — J. Zoske<br><br>

Section 6. Foreskin Restoration: Historical and Contemporary Considerations<br> The History of Foreskin Restoration<br> — D. Schultheiss<br> Current Practices in Foreskin Restoration: The State of Affairs in the United States, and Results of a Survey of Restoring Men<br> — R. W. Griffiths<br> Foreskin Restoration (Circumcision Reversal)<br> — J. P. Warren<br> The Man Behind Restoration<br> — M. M. Lander<br><br>

Section 7. The World-Wide Campaign to End Genital Mutilation<br> A Comprehensive Approach for Communication about Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt<br> — S. Abd el Salam<br> The History of Circumcision in the United States: A Physician’s Perspective<br> — M. L. Sorrells<br> Genital Mutilation in Ireland: A Public Health and Human Rights Report<br> — L. Massie<br> Challenges to Circumcision in Israel: The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation<br> — A. Zoossmann-Diskin and R. Blustein<br> Activism on the World Wide Web: The Role of the Internet in the Dissemination of Circumcision-Related Information<br> — M. M. Sarkis<br><br>

Section 8. Current Problems in Medical Publications<br> Peer-Review Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Publishing: Subverting the Dominant Paradigm<br> — R. S. Van Howe<br> An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Literature<br> — P. M. Fleiss<br> Publication on Circumcision in the Medical Literature: The Role of an Editor<br> — H. N. Whitfield<br><br>

Section 9. Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation<br> Circumcision and Virtue Ethics<br> — M. M. Lander<br> Respect in the Context of Infant Male Circumcisiion: Can Ethics and Law Provide Insights?<br> — M. A. Somerville<br> Male Non-Therapeutic Circumcision: The Legal and Ethical Issues<br> — C. Price<br> Attaining International Acknowledgment of Male Genital Mutilation as a Human Rights Violation, and a Written Intervention<br> — J. S. Svoboda<br> Some Thoughts on Legal Remedies<br> — D. J. Llewellyn<br> The Doctor as Expert Witness in United States Courts<br> — J. L. Snyder<br> The Oxford Declaration: A Call for the Prohibition of the Genital Mutilatiion of Children<br> — C. A. Bonner<br>