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→Origin of the circumcision/HIV hypothesis
Fink abandoned the circumcision/HIV controversy in 1991, and he died in 1994. He left behind an indelible legacy nonetheless; the circumcision/HIV hypothesis continues to be supported by researchers and scientists that are adopting his assertions and writing studies based upon them, and the campaign to establish a causal link between HIV infection and the presence of the foreskin continues to this day.
==Other contributing factors==
Carael ''et al''. (1988) studied HIV transmission among heterosexual couples in Central Africa. No difference was found between couples in which the male was circumcised and in which the male was intact.<ref name="carael1988">{{REFjournal
|last=Carael
|first=M
|author-link=
|last2=Van de Perre
|first2=PH
|author2-link=
|last3=LePage
|first3=PH
|author3-link=
|last4=Allen
|first4=S
|author4-link=
|last5=
|first5=
|author5-link=
|last6=
|first6=
|author6-link=
|last7=
|first7=
|author7-link=
|last8=
|first8=
|author8-link=
|last9=
|first9=
|author9-link=
|etal=yes
|title=Human immunodeficiency virus transmission among heterosexual couples in Central Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=AIDS
|location=
|date=1988-06
|volume=2
|issue=3
|pages=201-5
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/carael/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=3134914
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2020-05-28
}}</ref>
== Confounding factors ==