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→Early twenty-first century: Add Svobody ethics article.
[[Jen Williams]] organized [[Your Whole Baby]] in 2014.
[[J. Steven Svoboda]] argued against non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="svoboda2017">{{REFjournal
|date=2017-08-01
|title=Nontherapeutic Circumcision of Minors as an Ethically Problematic Form of Iatrogenic Injury
|journal=AMA Journal of Ethics
|language=en
|volume=19
|issue=8
|pages=815-824
|DOI=10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.8.msoc2-1708
|pubmedID=28846521
|issn=2376-6980
|last1=Svoboda
|first1=J.S.
}}</ref> He stated that this decision should be considered in the context of benefit vs risk of harm, rather than simply risk-benefit due to the non-therapeutic nature of the procedure.<ref name="svoboda2017"/> He states that benefits do not outweigh the risks, and also claims that foreskin removal should be considered a sexual harm.<ref name="svoboda2017"/> He also went on to conclude that non-therapeutic circumcision largely violates the physician's duty to respect a patient's autonomy since many procedures take place before a patient is able to freely give consent himself.<ref name="svoboda2017"/>
Adler, Van Howe, Wisdom & Daase (2020) examined male non-therapeutic circumcision as fraud.<ref name="adler2020">{{REFjournal