Difference between revisions of "Laws against FGM"

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{{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation#Legislation |title=Female genital Mutilation: Legislation}}
 
{{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation#Legislation |title=Female genital Mutilation: Legislation}}
  
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  |accessdate=2020-05-02
 
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}}</ref> Sierra Leone criminalised FGM in January 2019,<ref name="SLReuters">{{REFweb
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}}</ref> Sierra Leone criminalized FGM in January 2019,<ref name="SLReuters">{{REFweb
 
  |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-leone-women-fgm/sierra-leone-bans-fgm-in-clampdown-on-secret-societies-idUSKCN1PJ1WH
 
  |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-leone-women-fgm/sierra-leone-bans-fgm-in-clampdown-on-secret-societies-idUSKCN1PJ1WH
 
  |title=Sierra Leone bans FGM in clampdown on secret societies
 
  |title=Sierra Leone bans FGM in clampdown on secret societies
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  |publisher=CNN
 
  |publisher=CNN
 
  |date=2020-05-01
 
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}}</ref> Some Western countries, where FGM has not been traditionally practiced but where immigrants from traditionally FGM-practicing countries have moved to in the 20th and 21st century, have also criminalised FGM (12 countries as of November 2008).<ref name="CRR 2008">{{REFweb
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}}</ref> Some Western countries, where FGM has not been traditionally practiced but where immigrants from traditionally FGM-practicing countries have moved to in the 20th and 21st century, have also criminalized FGM (12 countries as of November 2008).<ref name="CRR 2008">{{REFweb
 
  |url=https://www.reproductiverights.org/document/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-legal-prohibitions-worldwide
 
  |url=https://www.reproductiverights.org/document/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-legal-prohibitions-worldwide
 
  |title=Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Legal Prohibitions Worldwide
 
  |title=Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Legal Prohibitions Worldwide
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  |date=2008-11-12
 
  |date=2008-11-12
 
  |accessdate=2020-05-02
 
  |accessdate=2020-05-02
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}}</ref> In the USA, U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman declared the female genital mutilation ban unconstitutional in 2018.<ref name="USA2018">{{REFnews
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|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/health/fgm-female-genital-mutilation-law.html/
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|title=Federal Ban on Female Genital Mutilation Ruled Unconstitutional by Judge
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|publisher=The New York Times
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|date=2018-11-21
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|accessdate=2021-09-21
 
}}</ref>
 
}}</ref>
  
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! ! class="unsortable"| Notes
 
! ! class="unsortable"| Notes
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{flag|Australia}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1994–7<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || Criminalised in 6/8 states as of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
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| {{flag|Australia}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1994–7<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || criminalized in 6/8 states as of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{flag|Belgium}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2000<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
| {{flag|Belgium}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2000<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
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| {{flag|Cyprus}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
| {{flag|Cyprus}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{flag|Denmark}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
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| {{flag|[[Denmark]]}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{flag|Djibouti}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1994<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
 
| {{flag|Djibouti}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1994<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
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| {{flag|Guinea}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1965<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || New law enacted in 2000.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>  
 
| {{flag|Guinea}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1965<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || New law enacted in 2000.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>  
 
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|-
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| {{flag|Guinea Bissau}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
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| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{flag|Italy}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2005<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
| {{flag|Italy}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2005<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
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| {{flag|Senegal}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1999<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
 
| {{flag|Senegal}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1999<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2019 || Criminalised in 2019.<ref name="SLReuters"/>
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| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2019 || criminalized in 2019.<ref name="SLReuters"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{flag|Somalia}} || {{CRecurring|Legal}} || || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
 
| {{flag|Somalia}} || {{CRecurring|Legal}} || || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/>
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| {{flag|Spain}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
| {{flag|Spain}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{flag|Sudan}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2020 || Criminalised in 2020.<ref name="SudanCNN"/>
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| {{flag|Sudan}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2020 || criminalized in 2020.<ref name="SudanCNN"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{flag|Sweden}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1982<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || New law enacted in 1998.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
| {{flag|Sweden}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1982<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || New law enacted in 1998.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
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| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1985<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1985<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{flag|United States}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1996<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || Criminalised federally in 1996 and in 17/50 states (during 1994–2006) as of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
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| {{flag|United States}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1996<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || Criminalized federally in 1996 and in 17/50 states (during 1994–2006) as of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/>
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|-
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| {{flag|United States}} || {{CRecurring|Legal}} || 1998 || As of September 2018.<ref name="USA2018"/>
 
|}
 
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* [[FGM]]
 
* [[FGM]]
  
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[[Category:Laws]]
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[[Category:Law]]

Latest revision as of 12:54, 19 December 2021

Work in progress: The following information does not claim to be complete. More content will be added gradually.

(The following text or part of it is quoted from the free Wikipedia article Female genital Mutilation: Legislation:)

In September 2018, FGM was illegal in 22 of the 28 most FGM-prevalent countries in Africa.[1] Sierra Leone criminalized FGM in January 2019,[2] Sudan did so in May 2020.[3] Some Western countries, where FGM has not been traditionally practiced but where immigrants from traditionally FGM-practicing countries have moved to in the 20th and 21st century, have also criminalized FGM (12 countries as of November 2008).[4] In the USA, U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman declared the female genital mutilation ban unconstitutional in 2018.[5]

FGM legislation by country
Country Status Since Notes
Australia Illegal 1994–7[4] criminalized in 6/8 states as of November 2008.[4]
Belgium Illegal 2000[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Benin Illegal 2003[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Burkina Faso Illegal 1996[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Cameroon Illegal As of September 2018.[1]
Canada Illegal 1997[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Central African Republic Illegal 1966[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Chad Legal A 2002 bill banning FGM hasn't yet been enacted as of September 2018.[1]
Côte d’Ivoire Illegal 1998[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Cyprus Illegal 2003[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Denmark Illegal 2003[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Djibouti Illegal 1994[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Egypt Illegal 2008[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Eritrea Illegal 2007[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Ethiopia Illegal 2004[4] As of September 2018.[1]
The Gambia Illegal As of September 2018.[1]
Ghana Illegal 1994[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Guinea Illegal 1965[4] New law enacted in 2000.[4]
Guinea-Bissau Illegal As of September 2018.[1]
Italy Illegal 2005[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Kenya Illegal 2001[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Liberia Legal As of September 2018.[1]
Mali Legal As of September 2018.[1]
Mauritania Illegal 2005[4] As of September 2018.[1]
New Zealand Illegal 1995[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Niger Illegal 2003[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Nigeria Illegal As of September 2018.[1]
Norway Illegal 1995[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Senegal Illegal 1999[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Sierra Leone Illegal 2019 criminalized in 2019.[2]
Somalia Legal As of September 2018.[1]
Somaliland[6] Legal As of September 2018.[1]
South Africa Illegal 2003[4] As of November 2008.[4]
South Sudan Illegal As of September 2018.[1]
Spain Illegal 2003[4] As of November 2008.[4]
Sudan Illegal 2020 criminalized in 2020.[3]
Sweden Illegal 1982[4] New law enacted in 1998.[4]
Tanzania Illegal 1998[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Togo Illegal 1998[4] As of September 2018.[1]
Uganda Illegal As of September 2018.[1]
United Kingdom Illegal 1985[4] As of November 2008.[4]
United States Illegal 1996[4] Criminalized federally in 1996 and in 17/50 states (during 1994–2006) as of November 2008.[4]
United States Legal 1998 As of September 2018.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa REFweb (September 2018). The law and FGM. An overview of 28 African countries, 28 Too Many. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  2. ↑ a b REFweb (25 January 2019). Sierra Leone bans FGM in clampdown on secret societies, Reuters.
  3. ↑ a b REFweb (1 May 2020). Sudanese government bans female genital mutilation, CNN.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar REFweb (12 November 2008). Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Legal Prohibitions Worldwide, Center for Reproductive Rights. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  5. ↑ a b REFnews (21 November 2018)."Federal Ban on Female Genital Mutilation Ruled Unconstitutional by Judge", The New York Times. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  6. ↑ Somaliland is a self-proclaimed independent state and de facto functioning as such, but internationally recognized as part of Somalia.
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