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* '''Beneficence''' – a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient.<ref name="auto1"/>
* '''Justice''' – concerns the distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment.<ref name="auto1"/>
== Medical ethics and circumcision ==
Basically, according to the values of medical ethics, the patient has a right of self-determination. In the case of minors, this right is usually exercised by the legal guardians on their behalf, but may only be used for the benefit of the child. An operation that is not medically indicated, such as [[circumcision]], is therefore not within the sphere of influence of [[parental rights]]. The doctors themselves are not allowed to carry out an operation that is not medically indicated if the "patient" - in this case a child who is unable to give consent - cannot give his or her consent. In this case, there would be criminal acts against the child due to unauthorized bodily harm and infliction of damage.
{{SEEALSO}}