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Famed trauma expert [[Bessel van der Kolk]], {{MD}} (1989) reported that traumatized persons tend to repeat the [[trauma ]] on themselves or others, resulting in self-harm, harm to others, harm to self, or being re-victimized. He writes:

''Some traumatized people remain preoccupied with the [[trauma ]] at the expense of other life experiences and continue to re-create it in some form for themselves or for others.''<ref name="vanderkolk1989">{{VanderKolkBA 1989}}</ref>