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Many Americans are surprised to hear that [[circumcision]] (the surgical removal of the [[foreskin]]) is uncommon in the western world. Foreigners are often shocked when they first hear that the practice of circumcision even exists in the United States. Circumcision was first introduced in the [[United States ]] by an anti-sexual Victorian initiative which began during the 1830’s. Numerous publications from the 1830’s to times even as late as the 1970’s had advocated for circumcision as a means to prevent [[masturbation]], and to permanently desensitize, denude, and immobilize the penis.<ref name="Lallemand">{{Lallemand1836}}</ref><ref name="Dixon">{{Dixon1845}}</ref><ref name="Moses1871">{{Moses1871}}</ref><ref name="Kellogg1888">{{Kellogg1888}}</ref><ref name="Hutchinson1891">{{REFjournal