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{{REF}}[[Category:Circumcision complication]][[Category:Circumcision term]]
changed category
'''Extensive penile skin defects/''' and '''[[avulsion]]s''' are unfortunate occurrences of male [[circumcision]]. [[Avulsion ]] is the forcible tearing away of a body part by [[trauma ]] or surgery.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/avulsion
|title=Avulsion
|publisher=The Free Dictionary
|date=2004
|accessdate=2022-01-23
}}</ref>
Bode et al. (2010) reported 23 very serious injuries from proximal migration of the [[Plastibell]] circumcision ring. There was extensive skin loss in 17(74%) babies. [[Urethral fistula| Urethrocutaneous fistulae]] were the result in nine (39%) of these cases, while partial [[necrosis]] of the [[glans penis]] occurred in four (17%).<ref name="bode2010">{{REFjournal
|last=Bode
|first=
|etal=no
|title=Penile injuries from proximal migration of the Plastibell circumcision ring
|journal=J Pediatr Urol
|location=
}}</ref>
Osifo & Oriaifo (2010) reported on 346 [[complication]]s of child [[circumcision]] in Nigeria. Urethrocutaneous fistula (73, [21.1%]), redundant [[prepuce]] (51, [14.7%]), [[haemorrhage]] (46, [13.3%]), glandular injury (33, [9.5%]), glandulopenile adhesion (30, [8.7%]), implantation cyst (10, [2.9%]) [figure 1], proximal migration of plastibell ring (11, [3.2%]) and penile tissues avulsions (17, [4.9%]) were more commonly seen than glandular amputations (9, [2.6%]), transmission of infection (4, [1.2%]), local wound [[infection]]s and penopubic adhesion (2, [0.6%]).<ref name="osifo2010">{{REFjournal
|last=Osifo
|first=
|init=OD
|author-link=
|last2=Oriaifo
|first2=
|init2=IA
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision mishaps in Nigerian children
|journal=Ann Afr Med
|location=
|date=2009-10
|volume=8
|issue=4
|article=
|page=
|pages=266-70
|url=https://www.annalsafrmed.org/article.asp?issn=1596-3519;year=2009;volume=8;issue=4;spage=266;epage=270;aulast=Osifo
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=20139551
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.4103/1596-3519.59583
|accessdate=2022-01-23
}}</ref>
Gao & Qu (2019) presented the case of a 31-year-old man who presented with extensive defects in his [[penile skin]], [[infection]], and [[necrosis]] following a [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]]. A reverse bilateral anterior [[Scrotal skin|scrotal flap]] was used to correct complete [[penile skin]] loss following debridement of the infected and [[Necrosis|necrotic tissue]].<ref name="gao2019">{{REFjournal
|last=Gao
|first=
|init=QG
|author-link=
|last2=Qu
|first2=
|init2=W
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Penile resurfacing using a reverse bilateral anterior scrotal artery flap
|journal= Medicine (Baltimore)
|location=
|date=2019-12
|volume=98
|issue=49
|article=
|page=:e18106
|pages=
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6919477/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=31804321
|pubmedCID=6919477
|DOI=10.1097/MD.0000000000018106.
|accessdate=2022-01-23
}}</ref>
{{REF}}
[[Categoryde:Term]][[Category:Circumcision complicationsAusgedehnter Penishautdefekt]]