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'''Adolescent and adult circumcision''' is rare when compared to the millions upon millions of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys that are carried out in Islamic nations, Israel, the [[United States]], and elsewhere.
[[Rosemary Romberg]] commented on adult circumcision in the [[United States]]:
<blockquote>
<i>In the United States doctors tend to consider the foreskin as something "dispensible."
…
It is difficult to ascertain the true percentage of actual need for adult circumcision among intact males. In a circumcision-oriented society such as ours many doctors prescribe the operation for conditions which could be resolved, often easily, without resort to surgery.…</i><ref>{{REFbook
|last=Romberg
|first=Rosemary
|init=
|author-link=Rosemary Romberg
|year=2021
|title=Circumcision — The Painful Dilemma
|url=https://circumcisionthepainfuldilemma.wordpress.com/
|work=
|editor=[[Ulf Dunkel]]
|edition=Second Edition, Revised
|volume=
|chapter=The Circumcision of an Adult
|scope=
|page=247
|pages=
|location=
|publisher=Kindle
|ISBN=23: 979-8683021252
|quote=
|accessdate=2023-08-31
|note=
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
==Consent==
Male circumcision is an ''elective'' surgical [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] part of the [[penis]]. Legally, the patient or his surrogate (proxy) must grant [[Informed consent| ''informed'' consent]] before the surgery can be performed. A surrogate's powers are limited to granting consent for medically-indicated and necessary surgery.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal |last=Myers |first= |init=A |author-link=Alex Myers |last2=Earp |first2= |init2=BD |author2-link=Brian D. Earp |etal=no |title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis |trans-title= |language= |journal= Bioethics |location= |date=2020 |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=645-63 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf |quote=Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure. |pubmedID=32068898 |pubmedCID= |doi=10.1111/bioe.12714 |format=PDF |accessdate=2020-06-30}}</ref>
The surgeon most provide all material information to the patient before [[informed consent]] can be granted. There is a strong tendency for the surgeon to omit telling the patient anything about the nature and [http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ functions of the foreskin],<ref name="masood2005">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> which would be lost through [[amputation]] if consent should be granted.
Urologic surgeons in the [[United States]] derive a substantial fee from the performance of a circumcision, so some may have a [[bias]] in favor of circumcision and [[Issues_with_American_urologists_and_the_practice_of_male_circumcision#Issues_with_care_of_adult_intact_males| may inappropriately recommend circumcision to patients ]] when a conservative treatment would be satisfactory or even when no treatment is necessary. Patients should be wary and do their own research before granting consent for an <u>irreversible </u> circumcision.
==Reasons for circumcision==
|DOI=10.2147/IJGM.S17875
|accessdate=2020-12-19
}}</ref> recurrent [[balanitis| balanoposthitis]], and gangrene.
* Damaged foreskins — This includes any type of physical trauma and injury that is beyond surgical repair. Zipper injury does not require circumcision.<ref name="flowerdew1977">{{REFjournal
[[Masturbation]] after circumcision may be painful if one doesn’t use lubrication because of lack of [[gliding action]].
==Recovery period==
Recovery from an adult circumcision is frequently said to be six weeks.
===Complications===
Erections tend to be painful and may cause wound dehiscence.<ref name="wang2023">{{REFjournal
|last=Wang
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=
|last2=Li
|first2=
|init2=Z
|author2-link=
|last3=Chen
|first3=
|init3=X
|author3-link=
|last4=Wang
|first4=
|init4=H
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Wound healing rates and wound problems of conventional circumcision compared with ring circumcision: A meta-analysis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Int Wound J
|location=
|date=2023-06-11
|volume=Online ahead of print
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/iwj.14262
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=37303303
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=10.1111/iwj.14262
|accessdate=2023-07-16
}}</ref>
There is danger of [[infection]] until the circumcision wound heals closed.<ref name="wang2023" />===Lymphoedema===
[[Lymphoedema]] of the [[penis]] is a normal and expected [[complication]] of male adult circumcision due to the adverse effect on blood circulation. Ferhatoglu et al. (2019) reported edema in 108 of 198 patients or 54.5 percent.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Ferhatoglu
# The erect penis may be shorter due to lack of sufficient [[skin]] to allow full expansion.
# There always will be a [[circumcision scar]] that encircles the shaft of the penis.
# The exposed [[glans penis]] will protect itself from friction by developing a layer of [[keratin ]] and become cracked and hardened. The [[keratinization]] of the [[glans penis ]] will reduce its sensitivity.# There are possible [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| emotional issues]] secondary to a partial loss of the [[penis ]] through circumcision.
==Warning==
===Videos===
Here are five videos in which [[regret men ]] who had an adult circumcision express their regret.
==== Circumcised at 18 ====
{{REF}}
[[Category:Body modification]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]