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→The Nazi era: Wikify.
== The Nazi era ==
The persecution of Jews under the Nazi regime made the state of being [[circumcised ]] a life-threatening fact, making no difference whether the person had lost his [[foreskin ]] for religious reasons or because of a congenital or acquired [[phimosis]]. So every circumcised man at that time was in danger of being denounced and, therefore, had to hide his genital state or have it [[uncircumcised]]. There exist several personal reports of patients undergoing and doctors performing uncircumcision during this time. One example is the work of Tenenbaum who knew several of these doctors and also examined some of the patients treated.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />
According to the literature, there were Polish doctors who devised hasty, crude surgical techniques to help Jews in occupied areas of Europe avoid detection. Some of these procedures were surprisingly reminiscent of those described by Celsus nearly 2000 years earlier. There is no evidence that any of these methods was continued after the collapse of the Nazi regime.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />
Feriz performed several operations on circumcised patients in occupied Holland. After a circumferential incision at the base of the penis the [[penile skin]] was pulled over the glans, forming the new prepuce. The proximal [[skin]] defect was then covered by burying the penis under a tunnel of ventral [[scrotal skin]]. In a second stage operation about 10 days later he mobilized the penis and closed the new [[skin]] layer at the underside of the penis. The scrotal defect was easily closed in all cases. In his publication from 1962, Feriz reported no complications, and all of his patients were satisfied with the postoperative result; none of them requested a reversal of the surgery after the war.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />
In 1965, Tushnet reported three different procedures to restore the [[prepuce ]] depending on the age of the patient, the remaining preputial [[skin]], and the skill of the surgeon.<ref name="tushmet1965">{{REFjournal
|last=Tushmet
|first=Leonard