Hypospadias: Difference between revisions
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'''Hypospadias''' is an absolute contraindication for neonatal [[circumcision]] until a paediatric surgeon evaluates the case. | |||
{{WikipediaQuote|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias}} | {{WikipediaQuote|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias}} | ||
'''Hypospadias''' is a common variation in fetal development of the [[penis]] in which the [[urethra]] does not open from its usual location in the head of the penis. It is the second-most common birth abnormality of the male reproductive system, affecting about one of every 250 males at birth.<ref name="Snodgrass">{{REFbook | '''Hypospadias''' is a common variation in fetal development of the [[penis]] in which the [[urethra]] does not open from its usual location in the head of the [[penis]]. It is the second-most common birth abnormality of the male reproductive system, affecting about one of every 250 males at birth.<ref name="Snodgrass">{{REFbook | ||
|last=Snodgrass | |last=Snodgrass | ||
|first=Warren | |first=Warren | ||
| | |init=W | ||
|editors=Allan Wein, Meredith F Campbell, Patrick C Walsh | |||
|edition=10 | |edition=10 | ||
|title=Campbell-Walsh Urology | |title=Campbell-Walsh Urology | ||
| Line 12: | Line 15: | ||
|chapter=130: Hypospadias | |chapter=130: Hypospadias | ||
|isbn=978-1-4160-6911-9 | |isbn=978-1-4160-6911-9 | ||
}}</ref> Roughly 90% of cases are the less serious distal hypospadias, in which the | }}</ref> Roughly 90% of cases are the less serious distal hypospadias, in which the [[urethra]]l opening (the [[Urinary meatus|meatus]]) is on or near the head of the [[Glans penis|penis glans]]. The remainder have proximal hypospadias, in which the meatus is all the way back on the shaft of the [[penis]], near or within the [[scrotum]]. Shiny tissue that should have made the [[urethra]] extends from the meatus to the tip of the glans; this tissue is called the [[urethral plate]]. | ||
The prevalance of hypospadias is highest in North America and lowest in Asia.<ref name="vanderhorst2017>{{REFjournal | The prevalance of hypospadias is highest in North America and lowest in Asia.<ref name="vanderhorst2017>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=van der Horst | |last=van der Horst | ||
| | |init=HJ | ||
|author-link= | |author-link= | ||
|last2=de Wall | |last2=de Wall | ||
| | |init2=LL | ||
|author2-link= | |author2-link= | ||
|etal=no | |etal=no | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
The foreskin frequently does not develop normally. The ventral portion of the foreskin may not develop so the foreskin takes the form of a dorsal flap.<ref name="vanderhorst2017 /> | The [[foreskin]] frequently does not develop normally. The ventral portion of the foreskin may not develop so the foreskin takes the form of a dorsal flap.<ref name="vanderhorst2017 /> | ||
==Surgical repair== | ==Surgical repair== | ||
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Each case must be evaluated to determine how best to proceed. Mild cases may not require repair.<ref name="winship-rushton2017>{{REFjournal | Each case must be evaluated to determine how best to proceed. Mild cases may not require repair.<ref name="winship-rushton2017>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Winship | |last=Winship | ||
|first=Brenton B | |first=Brenton B. | ||
|init=BB | |||
|author-link= | |author-link= | ||
|last2=Ruston | |last2=Ruston | ||
|first2=H. Gil | |first2=H. Gil | ||
|init2=HG | |||
|author2-link= | |author2-link= | ||
|last3=Pohl | |last3=Pohl | ||
|first3=Hans G. | |first3=Hans G. | ||
|init3=HG | |||
|author3-link= | |author3-link= | ||
|etal=yes | |etal=yes | ||
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[[Category:Genital surgery]] | [[Category:Genital surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Penile | [[Category:Penile disorder]] | ||
[[Category:Literature]] | [[Category:Literature]] | ||
[[de:Hypospadie]] | |||