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[['''PSI]] ''' currently promotes early male infant circumcision in Africa. Here is part of the a Job listing to oversee national campaign for early infant male [[Male circumcision consortium]] (MCC) run by in Lesotho, Africa.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630031418/http://reliefweb.int/job/585879/chief-party-early-infant-male-circumcision |title=Chief of Party, Early Infant Male Circumcision* |website=archive.org |publisher=reliefweb |date=2013-06-28 |accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref> [[Family Health InternationalPEPFAR]] which is funded by has discontinued circumcisions of boys who have not reached the [[Bill age of 15 years, due to poor outcomes and Melinda Gates Foundation]]other abuses.
[[PSI]] currently promotes early male infant circumcision in Africa.<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/job/585879/chief== Population-partybased studies =={{Population-early-infant-male-circumcision Job listing to oversee national campaign for early infant male circumcision in Lesotho, Africa.] Retrieved on June 29, 2013. [http://web.archive.org/liveweb/http://reliefweb.int/job/585879/chief-party-early-infant-male-circumcision Archived version.]</ref>based studies}}
wikify PEPFAR
[[Population Services International]] (PSI) is a global health organization headquarted in Washington, {{Construction SiteUSSC|DC}}, that focuses on issues of family planning, [[HIV]] and [[AIDS]], maternal health, and the greatest threats to children under five, including malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303171454/https://www.psi.org/about-psi/psi-at-a-glance |title=About PSI |website=archive.org |publisher=PSI |date=2012-03-03 |accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref>
'''PSI''' is part of the [[Population Services InternationalMale circumcision consortium]] (PSIMCC) run by [[Family Health International]] which is a global health organization headquarted in Washington, D.C. that focuses on issues of family planning, HIV and AIDS, maternal health, and funded by the greatest threats to children under five, including malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition.<ref> [[http://wwwBill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].psi.org/about-psi/psi-at-a-glance About PSI]</ref>
==<small>References</small>Two African surveys==<references/>The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men. In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:<blockquote>In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michel |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/ |date=2022-04-04 |journal=J Biosoc Sci |volume=online ahead of print |pages=1-16 |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153 |pubmedID=35373731 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref> </blockquote> In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:<blockquote> "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michael |init=M |author-link= |etal=no |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Biosoc Sci |location= |date=2022-10-26 |season= |volume= |issue= |article= |page= |pages=1-13 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=36286328 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref></blockquote>{{SEEALSO}}* [[Human rights]]* [[Circumcision and HIV]] {{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/ |title=HIV/AIDS |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |date=2020 |accessdate=2020-07-16}}* {{URLwebsite|https://www.psi.org/|2021-12-31}} {{REF}} [[category:OrganizationsOrganization]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]][[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Categoryde:From IntactWiki]][[Category:Construction Site{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]