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Dr. '''Rebeca M. Plank''' is a Harvard researcher who was involved in three studies, sponsored by the [https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ Harvard School of Public Health] and [[Daniel Halperin]].

Out of the 153 babies [[circumcised ]] with Mogen clamp, one died before followup. Two of the babies circumcised with [[Plastibell]] died before follow up.<ref>{{REFweb

}}</ref> These deaths are not mentioned in the abstract of the trial. In a letter to JAIDS ''Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes'', Plank explains that the two babies who were circumcised with [[Plastibell]] and later died, died several weeks after the procedure from gastroenteritis. The baby circumcised with Mogen clamp died within 24 hours of the procedure of suspected sepsis, however the researcher does not think this was a consequence of the procedure, even though [[infection]] and sepsis are possible consequences of [[circumcision]]. No autopsy was performed.<ref>{{REFweb

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September 2021 saw the publication of == Population-based studies =={{Population-based studies}} ==Two African surveys==The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa. French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two huge population studies on reports in 2022 comparing the relationship incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcisioncircumcised]] and HIV infection:[[intact]] men.

# Mayan et al. (2021) carried out In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a massive empirical study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:<blockquote>In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the male population amount of the province effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michel |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/ |date=2022-04-04 |journal=J Biosoc Sci |volume=online ahead of Ontarioprint |pages=1-16 |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153 |pubmedID=35373731 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref> </blockquote>  In his second report, [[Canada]] Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (569Eswatini, Lesotho,950 males)Malawi, Namibia, of whom 203Zambia,588 (35Zimbabwe).7%) were He reported:<blockquote> "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="mayan2021garenne2022B">{{REFjournal |last=MayanGarenne |first=MadhurMichael

|title=Circumcision Age-incidence and Risk prevalence of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canadaamong intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa |trans-title= |language= |journal=J UrolBiosoc Sci |location= |date=20212022-10-0926 |season= |volume= |issue= |article= |page= |pages=1-2313 |url=https://www.auajournalscambridge.org/doicore/pdfjournals/10.1097journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/JU.0000000000002234CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50 |archived= |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada. |pubmedID=3455159336286328 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.10971017/JU.0000000000002234S0021932022000414 |accessdate=20212022-1011-0205}}</ref># [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</refblockquote> No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study.

* Ripe Tomatoes - [{{REFweb |title=Boston/Botswana circumcision trial |url=http://ripe-tomato.org/2013/03/30/bostonbotswana-circumcision-trial/ |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Thornton |first=Jim |author-link= |publisher= |website=Ripe Tomatoes |date=2013-03-30 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |title=Boston/Botswana circumcision trial]Part 2* Ripe Tomatoes - [ |url=http://ripe-tomato.org/2013/03/31/bostonbotswana-circumcision-trial-2/ |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Thornton |first=Jim |author-link= |publisher= |website=Ripe Tomatoes |date=2013-03-31 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |title=Boston/Botswana circumcision circ. trial Part 2]update* Ripe Tomatoes - [ |url=http://ripe-tomato.org/2013/10/11/bostonbotswana-circ-trial-update/ Boston/Botswana circ. trial update] |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Thornton |first=Jim |author-link= |publisher= |website=Ripe Tomatoes |date=2013-10-11 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}* Don't Get Stuck With [[HIV]] - [{{REFweb |title=Do medical researchers in Africa protect babies? Maybe not always |url=http://dontgetstuck.wordpress.com/2013/10/26/do-medical-researchers-in-africa-protect-babies-maybe-not-always/ Do medical researchers in Africa protect babies? Maybe not always] |archived= |trans-title= |language= |last=Gisselquist |first=David |author-link=David Gisselquist |publisher=Bloodborne HIV: Don't Get Stuck |website= |date=2013-10-26 |accessdate=2022-07-11 |format= |quote=}}