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The '''Fourth International Symposium''' on sexual mutilations Sexual Mutilations convened at the [https://www.unil.ch/central/en/home.html {{UNI|University of Lausanne] |UNIL}} in Lausanne, Switzerland on August 9-11, August 1996.

 * [[Sami Aldeeb|Aldeeb, Sami A. ]] Doctor of Law. : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/aldeeb.html Jehovah, His Cousin Allah, and Sexual Mutilations]* [[Jeannine Parvati Baker|Baker, Jeannine Parvati]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/baker.html The Wound Reveals the Cure]* [[Charles A. Bonner|Bonner, Charles]], [[David Llewellyn]], and [[Zenas Baer]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/bonner4.html Lawsuits in the News (a panel discussion)]

: [httphttps://www.gaamericaacademia.org/symposiaedu/fourth4212007/demeo.html The_Geography_of_Male_and_Female_Genital_Mutilations The Geography of Male and Female Genital Mutilations]* [[George C. Denniston|Denniston, George]], M.D.{{MD}} : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/denniston4.html Circumcision: An Iatrogenic Epidemic]

: [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/diers.htmlThe Skoptzy: The Russian Sect of the Castrated]

: [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/ellsworth.html The Nurses of St. Vincent: Saying “No” To Circumcision]* [[Pia Grassivaro Gallo|Grassivaro Gallo, P. G.]], [[Franco Viviani|F. VivaniViviani]], M. Livio, R. Corsaro, F. De Cordova, G. Fortunato; , S. Beccaccini, S. Hassan : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/gallo.html Epidemiological Surveys on Female Genital Mutilation in Italy]* [[Jenny Goodman|Goodman, Jenny]], {{MBChB}}, M.D.{{MA}} : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/goodman.html Challenging Circumcision: A Jewish Perspective]* [[Tim Hammond|Hammond, Tim]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/hammond.html Male Sexual Mutilation: Revealing the Harm, Healing the Wounds]

: [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/landers.html Review of the Australian College of Paediatrics Position Paper on “Neonatal Male Circumcision”]* [[Hanny Lightfoot-Klein|Lightfoot-Klein, Hanny.]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/hanny4.html Similarities in Attitudes and Misconceptions Toward Infant Male Circumcision and Female Genital Mutilation]* [[Soraya Miré|Mire, Soraya]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/mire.html Fire Eyes: a Documentary Film]* Muller[[Christa Müller|Müller, Christa]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/muller.html Female Genital Mutilation in Germany: An Update from (I)NTACT]

: [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/odent.html Learned Helplessness: A Concept of the Future]* [[Miriam Pollack|Pollack, Miriam]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/pollack.html Defining what is Sacred]* [[James W. Prescott|Prescott, JamesW.]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/prescott.htmlThe Ashley Montagu Resolution to End the Genital Mutilation of Children Worldwide: a Petition to the World Court, The Hague]

: [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/ras-work.html Female Genital Mutilation]* [[Victor Schonfeld|Schonfeld, Victor]] : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/schonfeld.html It’s a Boy! – a Documentary Film]* [[Betty Katz Sperlich|Sperlich, Betty]], R.N.{{RN}}, and [[Mary Conant]], R.N.{{RN}} : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/sperlich.html Nurses for the Rights of the Child: An Update]* Toubia, Nahid, M.D.{{MD}} : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/toubia.html Rainbo, Female Genital Mutilation in the U.S. and Help For Its Victims]* [[Robert S. Van Howe|Van Howe, Robert S.]], M.D.{{MD}} : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/vanhowe.htmlWhy Does Circumcision Persist in the U.S.?]* [[John Warren|Warren, John]], M.B. : [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/warren.html NORM UK and the Medical Case Against Circumcision: A British Perspective]

: [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/williams.html NOCIRC of Australia]

: [http://www.gaamerica.org/symposia/fourth/zavales4.html Genital Mutilation & The United Nations: Male and Female Circumcision, Human Rights, & The Restoration of Spiritual Integrity & Freedom]

: [httphttps://wwwlink.gaamericaspringer.orgcom/symposiachapter/fourth10.1007/zwang.html 978-1-4757-2679-4_5 Functional and Erotic Consequences of Genital Mutilation] 

The proceeding of the Fourth Symposium on Sexual Mutilations have been published in ''[https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Sexual+Mutilations%3A+A+Human+Tragedy&i=stripbooks&ref=nb_sb_nossSexual nb_sb_noss Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy]'', New York: Plenum Press, 1997 (ISBN 0-306-45589-7).

The Symposium was sponsored by the [http{{SEEALSO}}{{Template://www.nocirc.org National Organization List of Circumcision Information Resource Centers].International Symposiums}}