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'''Tissue expansion''' is a technique used by plastic, maxillofacial, and reconstructive surgeons to cause the body to grow additional [[skin]], bone, or other tissues. <ref name="whyitworks2021">{{REFweb |url=https://www.phimostretch.com/blogs/news/phimosis-stretching-why-it-works |title=Phimosis -Why stretching totally works (Science explained) -Phimostretch |last= |first= |date=2021 |accessdate=2021-07-28}}</ref> Other biological phenomena such as tissue inflammation can also be considered expansion. == Skin expansion ==

==Skin expansion==[[Skin ]] expansion is a common surgical procedure to grow extra additional [[skin ]] through controlled mechanical overstretch. <ref name="whyitworks2021" /> It creates [[skin ]] that matches the color, texture, and thickness of the surrounding tissue, while minimizing scars and eliminating risk of rejection.

When [[skin ]] is stretched beyond its physiological limit, mechanotransduction pathways are activated. This leads to cell growth as well as to the [[Mitosis| formation of new cells]].<ref name="whyitworks2021" />

The growth of tissue is permanent<ref>{{REFbook |last=Bigelow |first=Jim |init=J |author-link=Jim Bigelow |year=1995 |title=[[The Joy of Uncircumcising]] |work= |editor= |edition= |volume= |chapter=Ch. 13: Skin expansion:How it works and what it provides |scope= |page= |pages=132-9 |location=Aptos, but will contract to some degree when California |publisher=Hourglass Book Publishing |ISBN=0-934061-22-X |quote=The gain in sensitivity is the tension is removedfirst and most consistent benefit of restoration. |accessdate=2023-08-15 |note=}}</ref>

[[Stretching]] the [[skin ]] beyond normal expansion invokes several mechanotransduction pathways which increase [[mitosis| mitotic]] activity and promote collagen synthesis. <ref name="whyitworks2021" /> As a result, the [[skin ]] surface area increases.<ref>{{REFjournal

== Applications == ===Relief of phimosis or tight foreskin=== Tissue expansion by manual [[stretching ]] effectively widens the [[foreskin]] to treat [[phimosis]] or [[paraphimosis]].<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref> <refname="beauge1991">{{REFdocument |title=Conservative Treatment of Primary Phimosis in Adolescents |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/beauge/ |contribution= |last=Beaugé |first=Michel |publisher=Saint-Antoine University |format= |date=1991 |accessdate=2022-11-20}}</ref> <ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal

====A word to [[intact ]] teens==== Boys are born with a [[foreskin]] that is non-retractable for reasons of protection. The inner surface is fused with the [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]] (similar to a fingernail that is glued to the nail bed of the finger). Also the tip of the [[foreskin]] is too narrow to retract. As a boy gets older, the synechia disintegrates and releases the foreskin and the foreskin gets wider as a boy ages, so the foreskin gradually becomes [[Retraction of the foreskin|retractable]]. Some boys go through puberty but find that their [[foreskin]] is still too narrow to permit retraction.

Boys are born with a [[foreskin]] Beaugé (1997) reported that is non-retractable for reasons of protection. The inner surface is fused with the boys, who [[glans penisMasturbation| masturbate]] by a [[synechia]] (similar to a fingernail that is glued to the nail bed of the finger). Also the tip of the foreskin is too narrow to retract. As a boy gets older, the synechia disintegrates and releases the pulling their foreskin and away from the foreskin gets wider as a boy agesbody, so will not stretch the foreskin gradually becomes [[Retraction tight part of the foreskin| retractable]]. Some boys go through puberty but find that their [[so non-retractile foreskin]] is still too narrow to permit retractionwill persist. The traditional way He advised changing the method of addressing this issue was to consult a urologist and get a [[circumcisionmasturbation]], however we now understand that in to the vast majority more conventional method of cases, manual pulling the [[stretchingforeskin]] over a few months will widen toward the foreskin by tissue expansion, make body so that the foreskin retractable and eliminate the need for a destructive circumcisionnarrow orifice get stretched.<ref name="beauge1997" />

The traditional way of addressing this issue was to consult a [[Issues with American urologists and the practice of male circumcision| urologist]] and get a [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]], however we now understand that in the vast majority of cases, manual [[stretching]] over a few months will widen the [[foreskin]] by tissue expansion, make the foreskin retractable and eliminate the need for a destructive [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]]. ===Foreskin restoration=== Tissue expansion has also been used for the technique of non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]], which applies tension externally using specialized devices and/or manual stretching to replace circumcised tissues with newly expanded residual [[shaft skin]].<ref>{{REFjournal

Non-surgical tissue expansion techniques can expand one's surviving [[penile skin]], making it a longer tube so it can function like a [[foreskin]].<ref name="collier2011">{{REFjournal

}}</ref> Men who have been [[circumcised ]] stretch and apply tension to their shaft and foreskin remnants to expand and elongate tissue in efforts to produce a functional [[foreskin]]. This form of tissue expansion can take years, as the amount of [[skin ]] growth required is typically around 15 square inches.<ref>{{REFweb

|first=Tim |init=T |author-link=Tim Hammond

|website=[[NOHARMM]]

|format= |quote=}}</ref> This process does not regenerate or restore the function of the [[frenulum]] or the [[ridged band]]. It does, however, typically involve growing more [[shaft skin ]] and [[preputial mucosa]], which serves to moisten and protect the [[glans penis|glans]]. Men who have restored their [[foreskin ]] typically notice increased sensitivity and [[dekeratinization ]] of the glans.<ref>{{REFweb

|trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |publisher= |website=Circumcision Information and Resource Pages[[CIRP]]

===Excessive circumcision=Lengthening one's foreskin== There are several reasons a person would want to lengthen his existing [[foreskin]]. The longer the [[foreskin]] is, the more securely it will stay protectively in place over the [[glans penis]]. Many regard a longer foreskin or [[acroposthion]] as more esthetically pleasing. A longer foreskin provides better protection against [[keratinization]] than a shorter foreskin. A longer foreskin also allows a longer [[gliding action]] with better sensation than a shorter foreskin. One uses the same techniques as are used for for non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]].

Men who have been circumcised sometimes report that there is not enough skin left to allow full erection of the [[penis]], so the penis is shorter than before [[=== Excessive circumcision]]. They may also experience tight, painful erections. In such cases, tissue expansion may help to get full length and relieve pain during erection.===

===Short natural foreskins===Men who have a short natural been [[foreskincircumcised]] may use tissue expansion sometimes report that there is not enough [[skin]] left to lengthen their allow full [[erection]] of the [[penis]], so the [[penis]] is shorter than before [[foreskincircumcision]]. It frequently results in They may also experience tight, painful [[http://acroposthionerection]]s.com/ancient-greeks-and-the-foreskin/ improved appearance] as well as increased comfort In such cases, tissue expansion may help to get full length and sensation with improved relieve pain during [[gliding actionerection]].