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{{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_abuse ||Titletitle=Physical abuse}}
'''Physical abuse''' is any intentional act causing [[injury]] or [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include [[physical assault]] or [[physical violence]], and may also include [[sexual abuse]]. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser, and more than one victim.
|last=Giardino
|first=A.P.
|init=AP
|last2=Giardino
|first2=E.R.
|init2=ER
|date=2008-12-12
|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/915664-overview
== Effects ==
Physically abused children are at risk for later interpersonal problems involving aggressive behavior, and adolescents are at a much greater risk for substance abuse. In addition, symptoms of [[depression]], emotional distress, and [[suicidal ideation]] are also common features of people who have been physically abused. Studies have also shown that children with a history of physical abuse may meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for [[posttraumatic post-traumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD).<ref name=Mash>{{REFbook
|last=Mash
|first=Eric
|init=E
|title=Abnormal Child Psychology
|year=2010
|ISBN=9780495506270
|pages=427-463
}}</ref> As many as one-third of children who experience physical abuse are also at risk to become abusive as adults.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Oliver
|first=J.E.
|init=JE
|date=1993
|title=Intergenerational transmission of child abuse: rates, research, and clinical implications
|pages=1314-1324
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision and violence]]
{{REF}}