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The '''penis''' is the external male organ of [[urination]] and copulation.<ref name="farlex2003">{{REFweb |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/penis |archived= |title=penis |trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=The Free Dictionary by Farlex. |website= |date=2003 |accessdate=2022-05-23 |format= |quote=}}</ref> The penis is also known as the '''phallus'''. The body of the penis consists of three cylindrical-shaped masses of erectile tissue which run the length of the penis. Two of the masses lie alongside each other and end behind the head of the penis. The third mass lies underneath them. This latter mass contains the [[urethra]]. The penis terminates in an oval or cone-shaped body, the [[glans penis]], which contains the exterior opening of the [[urethra]], or [[meatus]].<ref name="farlex2003" /> The normal [[intact]], [[foreskinned]] penis is enveloped in a tube of loose, highly innervated, movable, erogenous skin,<ref name="winklemann1959">{{WinkelmannRK 1959}}</ref> the [[foreskin]] or prepuce, which enables it to expand freely during [[erection]].<ref name="earp2018">{{REFjournal |last=Earp |first= |init=BD |author-link=Brian D. Earp |last2=Steinfeld |first2= |init2=R |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Genital autonomy and sexual well-being |trans-title= |language= |journal=Current Sexual Health Reports |location= |date=2018 |volume=10 |issue=1 |article= |pages=7-17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/35660699/Genital_autonomy_and_sexual_well_being?email_work_card=view-paper |archived= |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1007/s11930-018-0141-x |accessdate=2024-01-02}}</ref> The skin ends just behind the [[glans penis]] but folds forward to cover it, this forming the [[preputial sac]] and, if long enough, the [[acroposthion]]. The moist preputial sac may harmlessly collect oil-bearing [[smegma]], which is helpful in preventing dermatitis.<ref name="birley1993">{{REFjournal |last=Birley |init=HDL |author-link= |last2=Walker |init2=MM |author2-link= |last3=Luzzi |init3=GA |author3-link= |last4=Bell |init4=R |author4-link= |etal=yes |title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing] |trans-title= |language= |journal=Genitourin Med |location= |date=1993-10 |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=400-3 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/pdf/genitmed00029-0074.pdf |quote= |format=PDF |pubmedID=8244363 |pubmedCID=1195128 |DOI=10.1136/sti.69.5.400 |accessdate=2023-11-29}}</ref>  The skin of the adult penis normally is somewhat darker than the rest of the body. This condition is called ''hyperpigmentation''.== Innervation ==The penis — the organ of copulation — is heavily innervated with afferent<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/afferent |title=Afferent |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |publisher=The Free Dictionary by Farlex |date=2003 |accessdate=2023-11-24}}</ref> nerves — meaning that sensation, which is needed for male sexual function, is transmitted to the spinal cord and/or central nervous system. The penis is also innervated by the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SAMS) and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (PAMS).<ref name="cepeda2023">{{REFjournal |last=Cepeda-Emiliani |first= |init=A |author-link=Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani |last2=Gándara-Cortés |first2= |init2=M |author2-link= |last3=Otero-Alén |first3= |init3=M |author3-link= |last4=García |first4= |init4=H |author4-link= |last5=Suárez-Quintanilla |first5= |init5=J |author5-link= |last6=García-Caballero |first6= |init6=T |author6-link= |last7=Gallego |first7= |init7=R |author7-link= |last8=García-Caballero |first8= |init8=R |author8-link= |etal=no |title=Immunohistological study of the density and distribution of human penile neural tissue: gradient hypothesis |trans-title= |language= |journal= Int J Impot Res |location= |date=2023-05-02 |volume=35 |issue=3 |article= |page= |pages=286-305 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-022-00561-9 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=35501394 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1038/s41443-022-00561-9 |accessdate=2023-11-24}}</ref> The penis is innervated by both dorsal and perineal nerves.<ref name="cepeda2023" /> The innervation in the tube of [[foreskin]] translates movement and stretching into pleasurable sensation.<ref name="garcía-mesa2021">{{REFjournal |last=García-Mesa |first=Yolanda |init= |author-link= |last2=García-Piqueras |first2=Jorge |init2= |author2-link= |last3=Cobo |first3=Ramón |init3= |author3-link= |last4=Martín-Cruces |first4=José |init4= |author4-link= |last5=Suazo |first5=Iván |init5= |author5-link= |last6=García-Suárez |first6=Olivia |init6= |author6-link= |last7=Feito |first7=Jorge |init7= |author7-link= |last8= |first8=Vega |init8=José A. |author8-link= |etal=no |title=Sensory innervation of the human male prepuce: Meissner's corpuscles predominate |trans-title= |language= |journal=Journal of Anatomy |location= |date=2021-10 |volume=239 |issue=4 |article= |page= |pages=892-902 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joa.13481 |pubmedID=34120333 |pubmedCID=8450466 |DOI=10.1111/joa.13481 |accessdate=2023-11-26}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/what-do-the-eyelids-lips-fingertips-the-intact-penis-have-in-common/ |title=What Do The Eyelids, Lips, Fingertips & The Intact Penis Have in Common? |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-02-17 |accessdate=2024-02-18}}</ref> ==Parts== * Root of the penis (radix): It is the attached part, consisting of the bulb of penis in the middle and the crus of penis, one on either side of the bulb. It lies within the superficial perineal pouch.* Body of the penis (corpus): It has two surfaces: dorsal (posterosuperior in the erect penis), and ventral or urethral (facing downwards and backwards in the flaccid penis). The ventral surface is marked by a groove in a lateral direction.* Epithelium of the penis consists of the [[shaft skin]], the [[foreskin]], and the [[preputial mucosa]] on the inside of the foreskin and covering the [[glans penis]]. The epithelium is not attached to the underlying shaft so it is free to [[Gliding action| glide to and fro]].<ref>{{REFweb |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/completeman/sidegif.gif |title=How the foreskin works |trans-title= |language= |last=Young |first=Hugh |publisher= |website=Circumstitions |date= |accessdate=2019-10-02 |format= |quote=}}</ref>  ''The following content is part of the [[Circumpendium]].''

Only after that do the different external features emergein the [[fetus]]. Between the 11th and 17th week the genital tubercle becomes the [[clitoris ]] in females, and the glans in males. In girls, the genital fold remains open, in boys it grows together. It transforms into the inner labia and the clitoral hood in girls, and into the [[foreskin]] in boys. The labioscrotal swelling becomes the outer labia and scrotum respectively.

In girlsThe growing together of the folds results in the seam that runs from the underside of the scrotum and the penile shaft up to the tip of the foreskin. The penis now consists of the shaft containing the erectile tissue, with the glans at the genital fold remains opentop. The shaft is surrounded by the [[shaft skin]] which, in boys however, is not knitted to it grows together. It transforms into This mobility, combined with the inner labia and [[stretching]] capabilities of the clitoral hood in girls[[skin]], and into allows for the foreskin growth in boysdimension of the penis during an [[erection]]. The labioscrotal swelling becomes During an [[erection]] the erectile tissue fills with blood, giving the outer labia penis its stiffness and scrotum respectivelyenlarged size.

The growing together In the area of the folds results in [[glans]] the seam that runs from [[shaft skin]] transitions into the underside outer layer of the scrotum and [[foreskin]], which extends past the tip of the penile shaft up [[glans]]. Parallel to that runs the tip inner layer of the [[foreskin]]. The penis now consists It is attached behind the rim of the shaft containing the erectile tissue[[glans]], with and runs between the [[glans at ]] and the top. The shaft is surrounded by the shaft skin which, howeverouter [[foreskin]] layer, is not knitted to it. This mobility, combined with also past the stretching capabilities tip of the skin, allows for the growth in dimension of the penis during an erection[[glans]]. During an erection At the erectile tissue fills with bloodtip, giving the penis its stiffness inner and sizeouter [[foreskin]] layers are joined together.

In This junction makes up the area of the glans [[ridged band]]. At the shaft skin transitions into the outer layer underside of the foreskinpenis, which extends past in the tip area of the glans. Parallel to that runs seam, the inner foreskin layer of the foreskin. It is attached behind the rim of the glans, and runs between connected to the glans and by the outer foreskin layer, also past the tip of the glans. At the tip, the inner and outer foreskin layers are joined together[[frenulum]].

This junction makes up the so[[File:Circumpendium-2-called ridged band. At the underside of the penis, in the area of the seam, the inner foreskin layer is connected to the glans by the frenulum-1-English.jpg|center|400px]]

Like the [[shaft skin]], the [[foreskin ]] layers are neither fused to the penis, nor to each other, but are moveable against each other. This enables the foreskin to be retracted all the way past the glansuntil it is stopped by the [[frenulum]].

At the point of birth, the development of the external male genital organs is not completely finished. At this stage, the foreskin and glans share an epithelium (mucous layer, the balanopreputial membrane) that fuses the two together. It serves to protect the glans during infancy, and dissolves as the child develops[[File:Circumpendium-2-penis-2-English.jpg|center|400px]]

Only then At the time of birth, the development of the external male genital organs is not completely finished. At this stage, the [[foreskin can be retracted]] and [[glans]] share an epithelium (mucous layer, the balano-preputial membrane) that fuses the two together. It serves to protect the [[glans]] during infancy, and dissolves as the child develops. The age at which Premature forcible [[retraction of the foreskin]] will tear this occurs is subject membrane, causing great [[pain]] and injury to the boy, who suffers this abuse. The child's individual development, himself, should be the first person to retract his foreskin.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Wright |init=JE |title=Further to the <q>Further Fate of the Foreskin</q> |journal=Med J Aust |date=1994 |volume=160 |issue= |pages=134-5 |url=http://www.cirp. If org/library/normal/wright2/ |quote=The normal prepuce should be left alone, with no attempt to retract it until the foreskin boy is retracted prematurely, before able to do it has fully separatedhimself, that can result in painful tears and infectionsat the earliest at three years of age. |pubmedID=8295581 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2019-10-01}}</ref> <ref name="NOCIRCpretract">{{REFdocument |url=http://www.nocirc.org/publish/6pam.pdf |title=Answers to Your Questions About Premature (Forcible) Retraction of Your Son's Foreskin |location=San Anselmo |publisher=NOCIRC |date=2000 |format=PDF}}</ref>

The widening of Only then the [[foreskin also depends on ]] can be retracted. The age. A at which this occurs is subject to the child's individual development. If the foreskin may be too tight to be is retracted all the way past the glansprematurely, even though before it has already completely fully separated from the glans. This early foreskin tightness (phimosis) is a normal stage of development , that can result in painful tears and vanishes with increasing age in most boysinfections.

The widening of the [[foreskin]] also depends on age. A study by child's [[foreskin]] may be too tight to be retracted all the Danish paediatrician and school doctor, Jakob Øster, of 9,545 examinations of pupils, published in 1968way past the [[glans]], led to even though it has already completely separated from the following results<ref>Øster Jglans. Further fate of the This early [[foreskin: incidence of preputial adhesions]] tightness, frequently confused with ([[phimosis]]), is a normal stage of development and smegma among Danish Schoolboys. Arch Dis Child 1968;43:200-3vanishes with increasing age in most boys.</ref>:

!width='15%'|[[Phimosis]]

'''''Classification according to Øster:'''''

''Phimosis[[phimosis]]: Foreskin tightness prohibiting retraction''

Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They report that the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal |last=Thorvaldsen |init=MA |last2=Meyhoff |init2=H |title=Patologisk eller fysiologisk fimose? |journal=Ugeskr Læger |volume=167 |issue=17 |pages=1858-1862 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/thorvaldsen1/ |quote= |pubmedID=15929334 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |date=2005 |accessdate=2019-10-01}}</ref> Non-retractile foreskin is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age. == Penis size == References The average length of the adult penis is 5.5 inches or 14 centimeters. The average girth is 4.6 inches or 11.7 centimeters.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://unravelingsize.wordpress.com/ |title=Unravelling size |last= |first= |init= |publisher= |website=wordpress.com |date= |accessdate=2023-12-29}}<references /ref>== Video ==<br><youtube>v=4qbUdVk-QvE</youtube><br><b>What Happens to Your Penis As You Age? A Doctor Explains</b><youtube>v=2ixNxjJOJu0</youtube> {{SEEALSO}}* [[Circumcision - Penis SensitivityTest]]* [[Erection]]* [[Foreskin sensitivity]]* [[Gliding action]]* [[Meissner's corpuscles]]{{LINKS}}* {{REFbook |last=Quartey |first= |init=JKM |author-link= |year=2006 |title=Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Urethra and Penis |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/3-540-29385-X_3.pdf |work=Urethral reconstructive surgery |editor= |edition= |volume= |chapter=Chapter Three |scope= |page= |pages=12-17 |location= |publisher=Springer |ISBN= |quote= |format=PDF |accessdate=2023-11-08 |note=}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ |title=Functions of the Foreskin |last= |first= |init= |publisher=Intact Australia |date= |accessdate=2024-01-14}}{{REF}}   [[Category:Genital]][[Category:Male sexuality]][[Category:Medical_term]][[Category:Penile anatomy]][[Category:Physiology]] [[de:Penis]]