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==Health risks==
ACEs have a dose-response relationship with many health problems. That is, as the number of ACEs accumulates, the greater the health risks to the individual.
ACEs come from [[Dan Bollinger| Bollinger]] (2023) reported a preliminary survey comparing [[intact]] and [[circumcised]] men using the ACE test. The [[circumcised]] men had higher ACE scores than the CDC-Kaiser Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a groundbreaking public health study that discovered that childhood [[traumaintact]] leads men. Bollinger has called for additional study to the adult onset of chronic diseases, depression and other mental illness, violence and being a victim of violence, determine if male genital cutting (circumcision) should be classified as well as financial and social problemsan Adverse Childhood Experience.<ref name="felitti1998bollinger2023" />
Add initial.
The '''Adverse Childhood Experience Study''' originated with a questionnaire mailed 13,494 adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) studied included psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The study, which was carried out in the 1990s, did not include infant [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFbook |last=van der Kolk |first=Bessel |init= |author-link=Bessel van der Kolk |year=2015 |title=The Body Keeps the score |url= |chapter=Chapter Nine |scope= |page= |pages=140-3 |ISBN=978-0-14-312774-1 |accessdate=2023-08-07 }}</ref> <ref>{{REFdocument |title=Child genital cutting as an adverse childhood experience |trans-title= |language= |url=http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net/CGC_as_an_ACE.pdf |archived= |contribution= |quote= |trans-quote= |quote-lang= |last=Bollinger |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Bollinger |last2=Chapin |first2=Georganne |author2-link=Georganne Chapin |publisher=Intact America |location=Tarrytown |format=PDF |date=2019-08-01 |accessdate=2023-08-08}}</ref> The study revealed that ACEs are closely related to adult health problems. ACEs are strongly associated with high-risk health behaviors in adulthood, such as smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, promiscuity, and obesity; and with ill health, including depression, heart and lung disease, cancer, and decreased lifespan.<ref name="felitti1998">{{REFjournal
|last=Felitti
|first=
|init2=RF
|author2-link=
|last3=Nordenberg D
|first3=
|init3=D
|author3-link=
|last4=Williamson
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/fitzgerald2/
|work=Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain
|editor=Dostovsky JO, Carr DB, Koltzenburg M (eds)
|edition=
|volume=24
|chapter=Progress in Pain Research and Management
|scope=
|page=
|accessdate=2023-08-06
}}</ref>
==Health risks==
ACEs have a dose-response relationship with many health problems. That is, as the number of ACEs accumulates, the greater the health risks to the individual.
ACEs come from the CDC-Kaiser Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, a groundbreaking public health study that discovered that childhood [[trauma]] leads to the adult onset of chronic diseases, depression and other mental illness, violence and being a victim of violence, as well as financial and social problems.<ref name="felitti1998" />
==Classification of genital cutting==
Involuntary childhood genital cutting—including cutting — including [[female genital mutilation]], gender-norming surgery of [[intersex]] children, and male [[circumcision]]—is — is [[Pain| painful]] and [[Trauma| traumatic]] and has been found to permanently alter individuals' sexuality, and to have other lifelong consequences.<ref name="bollinger2023">{{REFjournal
|last=Bollinger
|init=D
|author2-link=
|url=https://kindredmedia.org/2023/02/adverse-childhood-experiences-dysfunctional-households-and-circumcision/
|title=Adverse Childhood Experiences, Dysfunctional Households, And and Circumcision.
|journal=Kindred
|date=2023-02-28
|accessdate=2023-03-01
}}</ref> These early traumas are not yet included on the ACE checklist.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision and violence]]
* [[Depression]]
* [[Post-traumatic stress disorder]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Sudden Infant Death Syndrome]]
{{LINKS}}
* [http://adversechildhoodexperiences.net Adverse Childhood Experiences]
* {{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Intactivism/comments/qbpzqr/trained_medical_professionals_restrain_infant_to/ |archived= |title=Trained medical professionals restrain infant to amputate part of its body while baby kicks and screams in pain |trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher= |website= |date= |accessdate=2023-09-19 |format= |quote=}}
{{REF}}