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==Population-based studies==
September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of circumcision and HIV infection: # Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal |last=Mayan |first=Madhur |init=M |authorPopulation-link= |last2=Hamilton |first2=Robert J. |init2=RJ |author2-link= |last3=Juurlink |first3based studies =David N. |init3=DN |author3-link= |last4=Austin |first4=Peter C. |init4=PC |author4-link= |last5=Jarvi |first5=Keith A. |init5=KA |author5-link= |etal=no |title=Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada |journal=J Urol |date=2021-09-23 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234 |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada. |pubmedID=34551593 |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234 |accessdate=2021-10-02}}</ref># [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than intact men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021Population-based studies}}</ref>
No association between circumcision status and risk of HIV infection was found.
Add link in SEEALSO section.
|url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf
|accessdate=2011-02-27
}}</ref> Bailey has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1998.<ref>Moses S, Bailey RC, Ronald AR. Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sex Transm Infect 1998;74(5):368-73.</ref> Bailey was responsible (along with [[Stephen Moses]]) for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID, the [https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/193.html Canadian Institutes of Health Research], and the United States [[National Institutes of Health]]),<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb
|last=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
|first=
|coauthors = Vernon Quaintance
|publisher = The Gilgal Society
}}</ref>Bailey is an ardent promoter of male [[circumcision]].
== Circumcision research ==
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Robert%20C.%20Bailey
|accessdate=2011-02-27
}}</ref> He has conducted circumcision-related studies in varying communities in Uganda, [[Kenya]], Malawi, Zambia, and the [[United States| U.S. ]] He has studied adverse events and conducted needs assessments associated with medical and traditional circumcisions in Kenya.
Bailey is the principal investigator of the randomized controlled trial of [[Adolescent_and_adult_circumcision| male circumcision]] to reduce [[HIV]] incidence in Kisumu, Kenya, and he has served as a consultant to [[WHO]], [[UNAIDS]], [[UNICEF]], the [[World Bank]], [[USAID]], the [[CDC]], and other national and international governmental and non-governmental agencies.<ref name="Bailey"/>
== Deceptive tactics ==
In Bailey's trial, the [[circumcised ]] group had specific instructions to abstain from sex and use condoms that the intact control group did not. Bailey has admitted that "repeated study visits and intensive behavioral counseling" of the circumcised men were needed to reduce risk behaviors.<ref>{{REFnews
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/news/News26.html#trinidad
|title=Circumcision Age-old surgery touted to reduce HIV
|ref=<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/health/27circumcision.html?pagewanted=all Pam Belluck. (2011-09-26). Obstacles Slow an Easy Way to Prevent H.I.V. in Men. "NY Times."]</ref>
}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Alleged reasons for circumcision]]
* [[Bias]]
* [[Circumcised doctors]]
* [[United States of America]]
{{REF}}