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The researchers discovered that for those circumcised without anesthesia there was not only severe A new study found [[paincircumcision]], but also an increased risk of choking and difficulty breathingso traumatic that doctors ended the study early rather than subject any more babies to the operation without anesthesia.<ref name="lander1997">{{LanderJ etal 1997}}</ref>

The necessity of circumcision is the subject of increasing debate researchers discovered that for those [[circumcised]] without anesthesia there was not only severe [[pain]], but the traditional reasons for the operations have always been preventionalso an increased risk of choking and difficulty breathing.

Dr. Arthur Gumer The necessity of Northside Hospital in Atlanta says [[circumcision has ]] is the subject of increasing debate , but the traditional reasons for the operations have always been thought to provide "protection against infectious diseases later in life which would include either sexually transmitted diseases or urinary tract infectionsprevention."

Up to 96 percent [https://www.northside.com/providers/find-a-provider/provider-profile/arthur-gumer-md/1550 Dr. Arthur Gumer of the babies Northside Hospital in the United States and Canada receive no anesthesia when they are [[circumcisedAtlanta]], according says circumcision has been thought to a report from the {{UNI|University of Alberta|UAlberta}} provide "protection against infectious diseases later in Edmontonlife which would include either sexually transmitted diseases or urinary tract infections."

Up to 96 percent of the babies in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] receive no anesthesia when they are [[circumcised]], according to a report from the {{UNI|University of Alberta|UAlberta}} in Edmonton.<ref name="lander1997"/> One of the reasons anesthesia is not used, the study found, is the belief that infants feel little or no [[pain ]] from the procedure. It has also been argued that injecting anesthesia can be as painful as circumcision itself, and that infants don't remember the procedure, anyway.

But the Edmonton researchers, whose study was published in this week's ''Journal of the American Medical Association'', studied the heart rates and crying patterns of babies during different stages of circumcision. Some babies were given an anesthetic and others were not.<ref name="lander1997">{{REFjournal |last=Lander |init=J |first=Janice |author-link= |last2=Brady-Frerer |init2=B |first2=Barbara |author2-link= |last3=Metcalfe |init3=JB |first3=James B. |author3-link= |last4=Nazerali |init4=S |first4=Shermin |author4-link= |last5=Muttit |init5=S |first5=Sarah |author5-link= |etal=no |title= Comparison of ring block, dorsal penile nerve block, and topical anesthesia for neonatal circumcision |journal=JAMA |location= |date=1997-12-24 |volume=278 |issue=24 |pages=2157-64 |url=https://canadiancrc.com/circumcision/AMA_journal_circumcision_1997.aspx |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=9417009 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2021-11-07}}</ref>

But the researchers found that while topical anesthetics may help initially, they are woefully inadequate during [[foreskin]] separation and incision.<ref name="lander1997" />

They concluded that if [[circumcision]] must be performed, it should be preceded by an injected anesthetic.<ref name="lander1997" /> In fact, they found the results so compelling that they took the unusual step of stopping the study before it was scheduled to end rather than subjecting any more babies to circumcision without anesthesia.<ref name="lander1997"/>