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Third-party payment for injurious medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic child [[circumcision]] in the [[United States]] keeps the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision of children far higher than any other industrial nation.
Cessation of third-party payment is likely to reduce the incidence of harmful [[circumcision]] in the [[United States]]. Hill (2021) estimated that the overall incidence of circumcision in Mississppi, where Medicaid does has not provide provided third-party payment for non-therapeutic circumcisionsince 1998, is only about 20 percent.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350799429_Circumcision_Incidence_in_Mississippi
|archived=
(1) (PDF) Circumcision Incidence in Mississippi. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350799429_Circumcision_Incidence_in_Mississippi [accessed Apr 14 2021].
}}</ref> The only party to benefit from such third-party payments is the receiving physician, and/or hospital.
The physicians that most commonly perform non-therapeutic infant circumcisions are obstetricians, pediatricians, and family doctors. They formed an agreement in 2007 to produce a new statement with the [[AAP]] as the lead. The intent of the statement was to spur the demand for [[circumcision]] to aid the [[circumcision industry]]. It was published in 2012 but received overwheming, unrelenting criticism from many critics because of its evident omissions of facts. The 2012 AAP statement was an acute embarrassment to the AAP so it was not re-affirmed and allowed to expire in accordance with long-standing AAP policy, so it expired on August 31, 2017. The AAP has not replaced the failed 2012 policy statement so it now has ''no'' official policy regarding male circumcision and does ''not'' recommend circumcision.
==The certain harm of circumcision==
[[Circumcision]] is a cutting operation to amputate a functional part of the [[penis]]. Newborn boys cannot receive general anesthesia, so every circumcision of newbory boys causes great [[pain]]. Analgesia is offered to sell circumcision by making parents feel better, but does little for the infant boy. There is also extreme physical and psychic [[trauma]] caused by the loss of a body part. The [[foreskin]] normally has [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions]], which are destroyed with the [[amputation]].
All circumcisions excise the [[ridged band]], which is the source of much [[Sexual sensation of the foreskin| sexual sensation]], resulting in a permanent life-time loss of sensation.
The loss of the immunological and protective functions makes penile health issues more likely. In comparison, due to the open wounds and raw [[bleeding]] flesh in a diaper, the [[circumcised]] [[penis]] needs much more care after [[circumcision]]. The surgically externalized [[glans]] is dirty rather then clean because of constant exposure to dirt, abrasion, pathogens, and contaminants.<ref name="vanhowe1997vanhowe2003">{{REFjournal
|last=Van Howe
|init=RS
|author-link=Robert S. Van Howe
|url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1464-410X.1997.00467.x
|title=Variability in penile appearance and penile findings: a prospective study
|journal=Br J Urol
|date=19972003
|volume=80
|pages=776-782
|title=Of Waste and Want: A Nationwide Survey of Medicaid Funding for Medically Unnecessary, Non-Therapeutic Circumcision
|journal=Academia
|date=20072005
|volume=
|issue=
The advent of [[HIV]] provided an additional excuse to provide free circumcision.
===Cost of complications===
Moreover, the [[foreskin]] has [[Immunological_and_protective_function_of_the_foreskin| immunological and protective functions]] that are ablated by circumcision, therefore [[foreskinned]] males enjoy better health.<ref>{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> <ref name="vanhowe2006" /> <ref name="fendereski2024">{{REFjournal
|last=Fendereski
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=
|last2=Horns
|first2=
|init2=JJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Driggs
|first3=
|init3=N
|author3-link=
|last4=Lau
|first4=
|init4=G
|author4-link=
|last5=Shaeffer
|first5=
|init5=AJ
|author5-link=
|etal=no
|title=Comparing Penile Problems in Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised Boys: Insights From a Large Commercial Claims Database With a Focus on Provider Type Performing Circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Pediatr Surg
|date=2024-11
|volume=59
|issue=11
|article=161614
|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002234682400407X
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=39084960
|pubmedCID=11486584
|DOI=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.022
|accessdate=2025-01-03
}}</ref>
Circumcisions have [[Complication#47_classes_of_complications| 47 cLasses of complications]], which must be treated at additional expense in addition to the expense of the original [[amputation]].
Many circumcisions are unsatisfactory and require revision by a pediatric urologist. It is said that pediatric urologists spend twenty percent of their time in repairing damages caused by circumcision.
===U. S. government providers of circumcision===
The [[United States]] has numerous medical programs through which free harmful and unnecessary non-therapeutic circumcisions are provided. They include:
* [https://www.opm.gov/healthcare-insurance/healthcare The Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program] (For federal employees and their dependents.)
* [https://www.state.gov/pepfar/ President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief] ([[PEPFAR]]) (For every male who lives in Africa.)
==Fraud, waste, and abuse==
Third-party payment for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], by various U.S. government entities, enriches medical doctors, but causes [[pain]], [[trauma]], and lasting harm to patients. It is a glaring example of the <b>fraud, waste, and abuse</b> that is so endemic throughout the federal bureaucracy.
==Third-party payment policy in English-speaking nations==