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Third-party payment for injurious medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic child [[circumcision]] in the [[United States]] keeps the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision of children far higher than any other industrial nation.
Cessation of third-party payment is likely to reduce the incidence of harmful [[circumcision]] in the [[United States]]. Hill (2021) estimated that the overall incidence of circumcision in Mississppi, where Medicaid does has not provide provided third-party payment for non-therapeutic circumcisionsince 1998, is only about 20 percent.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350799429_Circumcision_Incidence_in_Mississippi
|archived=
* [https://www.opm.gov/healthcare-insurance/healthcare The Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program] (For federal employees and their dependents.)
* [https://www.state.gov/pepfar/ President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief] ([[PEPFAR]]) (For every male who lives in Africa.)
==Fraud, waste, and abuse==
Third-party payment for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], by various U.S. government entities, enriches medical doctors, but causes [[pain]], [[trauma]], and lasting harm to patients. It is a glaring example of the <b>fraud, waste, and abuse</b> that is so endemic throughout the federal bureaucracy.
==Third-party payment policy in English-speaking nations==