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→Consent for circumcision of minors: Add text and citation.
|DOI=
|doi=10.1111/bioe.12714
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2025-05-04
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
Professor Peter W. Adler, J.D., (2013) argues strongly that child [[circumcision]] is unlawful:
<blockquote>
Legal scholars, foreign medical associations, intactivist organizations, and increasing numbers of menis claim the opposite, namely that circumcision is painful, risky, harmful, irreversible surgery that benefits few men, if any. These opponents of circumcision argue that, in any event, boys have a right to be left genitally intact, like girls under federal law, and to make the circumcision decision for themselves as adults.
These opponents of circumcision can point to a June 2012 decision by a court in Cologne, Germany, which held that non-therapeutic circumcision for religious reasons is criminal assault. The German court reasoned that circumcision causes grievous bodily harm, and that boys have a fundamental right to genital integrity that supersedes their parents' religious rights.<ref name="adler2013">{{REFjournal
|last=Adler
|first=Peter W.
|init=PW
|author-link=Peter W. Adler
|title=Is circumcision legal?
|journal=Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
|date=2013
|volume=16
|issue=3
|pages=439-86
|url=https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1265&context=jolpi
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2025-05-04