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{{Construction Site}}'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' refers to [[circumcision]] in the neonatal period, which, by definition, is the first 28 days (four weeks) of life.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/neonatal+period |title=neonatal period |last= |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=The Free Dictionary by Farlex |date= |accessdate=2025-04-17}}</ref> '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' has been heavily promoted by the [[circumcision industry]] in the [[United States of America]] for more than a century. Circumcision of the newborn does not treat or provent disease as no disease is present. There is no medical indication for [[circumcision]], so '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is seldom practiced out side of the [[United States]] because newborn boys are born with healthy, protective [[foreskin]],<ref name="mansfield1995">{{REFjournal |last=Mansfield |first= |init=CJ |author-link= |last2=Hueston |first2= |init2=WJ |author2-link= |last3=Rudy |first3= |init3=M |author3-link= |etal=no |title=Neonatal Circumcision: Associated Factors and Length of Hospital Stay |journal=J Fam Pract |date=1995-10 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=370-6 |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/mansfield/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=7561711 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |doi= |accessdate=2025-04-17}}</ref> It is dangerous for newborn boys to receive general anesthesia, so when a newborn boy is [[circumcised]], he will experience severe [[pain]], [[Post-traumatic stress disorder| stress]], and [[trauma]], and he will be put at risk of the known risks of circumcision surgery, including [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and [[Documented severe complications of circumcision| surgical accident]]. Iacob et al. (2021) has identified [[Complication#47_classes_of_complications| 47 classes of possible complications]].<ref name="iacob2021">{{REFjournal |last=Iacob |first=Stanca Iris |init=SI |last2=Feinn |first2=Richard S. |init2=RS |last3=Sardi |first3=Lauren |init3=L |author3-link=Lauren Sardi |title=Systematic review of complications arising from male circumcision |journal=BJUI Compass |date=2021-11-11 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1002/bco2.123 |url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bco2.123 |format=PDF |accessdate=2025-04-17}}</ref> Human milk is far superior to infant formula, so [[breastfeeding]] is highly recommended. [[Circumcised]] newborn infant boys are likely to be debilitated by the [[pain]] and [[trauma]] of circumcision and may be less able to breastfeed as compared with [[intact]] boys and girls. Male circumcision is harmful because it excises healthy tissue and permanently destroys beneficial, protective, immunological, sexual, and sensory physiological functions. Male circumcision also causes psychological problems that tend to perpetuate the cycle of abuse. Male circumcision is a costly diversion of medical resources away from beneficial services. Male circumcision violates legal rights, [[human rights]], and ethical standards. Finally, we must remember that males are the more vulnerable and sensitive of the two genders and, therefore, deserve the greater degree of protection from traumatic, invasive, injurious, and unnecessary surgery. For all of these reasons the non-therapeutic circumcision of boys should not be performed and the [[genital integrity]] of all children should be respected and protected.<ref name="hill2007">{{REFjournal |last=Hill |first=George |init=G |author-link=George Hill |title=The case against circumcision |journal=Journal of Men's Health and Gender |date=2007 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=318-23 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=04ace5046cc27f01b8fbe4aa359c059778983912 |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |format=PDF |accessdate=2025-04-22}}</ref> Fendereski et al. (2024) carried out a large-scale survey and reported that [[circumcised]] boys have about three times as many complaints in the first five years of life as compared with [[intact]] boys.<ref name=fendereski2024">{{REFjournal |last=Fendereski |first= |init=K |author-link= |last2=Horns |first2= |init2=JJ |author2-link= |last3=Driggs |first3= |init3=N |author3-link= |last4=Lau |first4= |init4=G |author4-link= |last5=Shaeffer |first5= |init5=AJ |author5-link= |etal=no |title=Comparing Penile Problems in Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised Boys: Insights From a Large Commercial Claims Database With a Focus on Provider Type Performing Circumcision |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Pediatr Surg |date=2024-11 |volume=59 |issue=11 |article=161614 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002234682400407X |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=39084960 |pubmedCID=11486584 |DOI=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.022 |accessdate=2025-04-17}}</ref> [[Foreskinned]] infant boys are easier to [[Care of intact, foreskinned boys| care]] for than [[circumcised]] boys because they do not have an open wound in their feces filled diaper. {{SEEALSO}}* [[Circumcision]]* [[Cole Jordan Groth]]* [[Protection of intact newborns in hospital]]* [[Surrogate consent]]{{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-gaslit-generation/ |title=How Circumcision Gaslit an Entire Generation |last=Alissa |first= |init=K |author-link=Kristel Alissa |publisher=Intact America |date=2022-05-21 |accessdate=2022-05-22}}{{REF}}  [[Category:Breastfeeding]][[Category:Circumcision]][[Category:Education]]