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→Prevalence of circumcision
One may be certain that the eighteenth century [https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/founding-fathers/ Founding Fathers of the United States] of America were men with [[intact]] [[foreskin]]s as were the [[foreskinned]] men who fought the American Civil War (1861-1865).
Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of males for non-religious reasons originated with [[Claude François Lallemand]] in 1836 in France but soon spread to the [[United Kingdom]] in the early nineteenth century, from which it eventually spread to other English-speaking nations.<ref name="hodges1997">[[Frederick M. Hodges| Hodges FM]]. [https://lust-for-life.org/Lust-For-Life/_Textual/GeorgeCDenniston-MarilynFayreMilos-editors_JamesDeMeo_SexualMutilations-AHumanTragedy_1997_235pp/GeorgeCDenniston-MarilynFayreMilos-editors_JamesDeMeo_SexualMutilations-AHumanTragedy_1997_235pp.pdf#page=28 A short history of the institutionalization of involuntary sexual mutilations in the United States]. in: Denniston GC, Milos MF (eds.), Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy (New York: Plenum Publishing, 1997), pp. 17-40. (ISBN 0-306-45589-7)</ref>
Edward Dixon (1847) recommended circumcision to prevent the spread of syphilis.<ref name="self2016" />
===Early twenty-first century===
====First Quarter====
The twenty-first century has been characterized by greater opposition to non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in the general population, the utter failure of the circumcision industry's vaunted new circumcision policy, and much more attention to legal and ethical issues relating to non-therapeutic circumcision of boys.
|accessdate=2024-12-23
}}</ref>
[[Intact America]] (2024) reports a rapid increase in the percentage of Americans who oppose the harmful [[circumcision]] of boys.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DKVZQGTRl77/?igsh=MWV1aW90MzBpd2dzdA%3D%3D
|title=Opposition to circumcision overtime.
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024
|accessdate=2025-06-01
}}</ref>
====Second quarter====
[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male medical circumcision" ([[VMMC]]) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
|title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program
|url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/
|last=Gwarisa
|first=Michael
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Healthtimes
|website=
|date=2025-02-07
|accessdate=2025-02-15
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> Numerous studies have demonstrated that [[adult circumcision]] is not effective in preventing [[HIV]] [[infection]]. Child [[circumcision]] had previously been discontinued.
[[Eric Clopper]] has organized [[Intact Global]] in 2024, which has the goal of litigating in numerous states to ensure that boys will enjoy "the equal protection of the law". Intact Global instituted a suit against the state of Oregon in March 2025.
==Government financial support for non-therapeutic circumcision==
=== Prevalence of circumcision ===
'''Prevalence of circumcision''' is the percentage of all males of all ages in the population who have been [[circumcised]].
[[Intact America]] carried out a survey in 2022 that claims that 73 percent of all American men were [[circumcised]],<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.intactamerica.org/newsroom-gender-equality/
|url=https://intactamerica.org/do-you-know-about-the-tipping-point/
|title=Do You Know: About the “Tipping Point?
|last=AnonymousChapin |first=Georganne
|init=
|author-link=Georganne Chapin
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2016-11-01
* [[Intact-friendly]]
* [https://en.intactiwiki.org/index.php/Main_Page Home page]
* [[Living with a foreskin in circumcised America]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|United_States|United States}}
[[Category:BSM]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]