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<b>===Circumcision: Trauma, Psychological Effects, Cultural Beliefs</b>===
→Video: Add external link.
|date=2003
|accessdate=2022-11-13
}}</ref> Circumcision causes trauma.<ref>{{REFbook |last=Goldman |first=Ronald |init= |year=1997 |title=Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma: How an American Cultural Practice Affects Infants and Ultimately Us All |url=https://circumcision.org/circumcision-the-hidden-trauma/ |scope= |location= |publisher=Vanguard Publications |ISBN= |accessdate=2024-12-13 }}</ref> <ref>{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref>
== Physical trauma ==
|ISBN=
|accessdate=2024-04-03
}}</ref> which is a [[Pain| painful]] , traumatic, non-therapeutic, medically-unnecessary invasive amputative surgery. <ref name="garrett2023-12-17">{{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/ |title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room |last=Garrett |first=Connor |init= |author-link=Connor Judson Garrett |publisher=Intact America |date=2023-12-17 |accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> Infant circumcision still occurs more than 2,000 times a day in the [[United States]]. Circumcision trauma includes ''both'' physical trauma and psychic trauma.,<ref name="boyle2002">{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> sexual trauma,<ref name="remennick2022">{{REFjournal |last=Remennick |first= |init=L |author-link= |etal=no |title=Joining the tribe: adult circumcision among immigrant men in Israel and its traumatic aftermath |trans-title= |language= |journal=Cult Health Sex |date=2022-05 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=702-16 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/13691058.2021.1879272?needAccess=true |archived= |quote=Although opinions differed, the majority in this small survey said that the exposure of glans penis gradually lowered sensitivity, reducing pleasure both in intercourse and masturbation. In hindsight, many informants regretted their consent to undergo brit under social pressure. |pubmedID=33512277 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1080/13691058.2021.1879272 |format=PDF |accessdate=2024-12-30}}</ref> and psychic trauma.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Aydoğdu
|first=
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-03-05
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-gone-wrong/
|title=Circumcision Gone Wrong: Damage, Deformity, Death
|last=Garrett
|first=Connor
|init=
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-11-04
|accessdate=2024-06-02
}}</ref> Batteley, Metters & Smith (2023) state, in addition to the physical risks, the psychological risks should receive attention.<ref name="batterley2023">{{REFjournal
|last=Batterley
|volume=Preprint
|pages=1-13
|url=https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv.com/4yv62/
|archived=
|quote=
}}</ref>
Although the [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]], which promote harmful child circumcision for their profit, minimize its effects, the trauma from [[circumcision]] is an extremely serious matter. Professor [[Jonathan A. Allan]] (2024) has devoted an entire chapter in his book to the issue of circumcision trauma.<ref name="allan2024">{{REFbook
|last=Allan
|first=
|init=JA
|author-link=Jonathan A. Allan
|year=2024
|title=Uncut: A Cultural Analysis of the Foreskin
|url=https://uofrpress.ca/Books/U/Uncut
|work=
|editor=
|edition=
|volume=
|chapter=Chapter 8: Intactivism and the Logic of Trauma
|scope=
|page=
|pages=217-55
|location=Regina
|publisher=University of Regina Press
|ISBN=978-1779400307
|quote=
|accessdate=2024-12-29
|note=
}}</ref>
=== Physical circumcision trauma ===
Circumcision, more properly described as ''posthectomy'', is the surgical excision and amputation of the [[foreskin]] of the [[penis]], which permanently removes a significant portion of the epithelium of the [[penis]] and destroys the significant and important [[Foreskin#Protective_functions| protective]], [[Foreskin#Immunological_functions| immunological]], [[Foreskin#Sexual_functions| sexual]], and [[Foreskin#Sexual_behavior| sensory]] physiological functions of that structure, and leaves the patient permanently and irreversibly impaired by the loss of those functions.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
}}</ref> Consent by a surrogate for a non-therapeutic circumcision is an unethical practice.
== Video ==
<youtube>v=lNItNHs9PR8&list=PLmrnvFzPoEloNFlh1lNKzig41vqprZnoc&index=1</youtube>
===Therapy Uncovers Circumcision Trauma===
<youtube>v=n5NDYG6w2eA</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumstraint]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Protection of intact newborns in hospital]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological literature about male circumcision]]
* [[Ronald Goldman Testifies On Circumcision Trauma At Historic PACE Hearing]]
* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]* [[Vagina]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/
|title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room
|last=AnonymousGarrett |first=Connor
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-12-17
|url=https://intactamerica.org/timeline-of-circumcision-suffering/
|title=A Timeline of Circumcision Suffering: A Detailed Look
|last=AnonymousGarrett |first=Connor
|init=
|publisher=Intact America
|accessdate=2024-02-09
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-in-bedroom/
|title=Severed Intimacy: Navigating Circumcision Trauma in The Bedroom
|last=Garrett
|first=Connor
|init=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=
|accessdate=2024-05-09
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.verywellmind.com/signs-of-childhood-trauma-in-adults-5207979?hid=3004559afef75db5631e964d1212ec175a774c9e&did=18229677-20250627&lctg=3004559afef75db5631e964d1212ec175a774c9e&lr_input=26e7f2434137ffb0e492a98b870be0a76eb8bfe817d1bc8584c36552ebd17582
|title=Signs of Childhood Trauma in Adults
|last=Loggins
|first=Brittany
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Verywell Mind
|date=2023-12-04
|accessdate=2025-06-27
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-suicide-son/
|title=A Mother’s Grief: Circumcision Added to My Son’s Trauma Burden
|last=Couture
|first=Laurie A.
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-09-28
|accessdate=2025-10-03
}}
{{REF}}