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|pages=
|accessdate=2023-03-01
}}</ref> [[Foreskinned]] men derive comfort from their [[foreskin]] that is not available to [[circumcised]] men.<ref name="prescott1975">{{REFjournal |last=Prescott |init=JW |author-link=James W. Prescott |url=http://www.violence.de/prescott/bulletin/article.html |title=Body Pleasure and the Origins of Violence |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |date=1975-11 |volume= |issue= |pages=10-20 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref>
==History==
== Profound lack of understanding of psychological issues ==
There was little awareness of emotional and/or psychological issues when child [[circumcision]] was being promoted in the late 19th century and early 20th century. For example, [[Douglas Gairdner]] (1949) made no mention at all of [[pain]], [[trauma]] , behavior changes, or psychological issues in his landmark 1949 paper.<ref name="fate1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref>
[[Intact America]] (2023) reported that [[intact]] males were shamed.<ref>{{REFweb
===Feelings and behavior of circumcised men===
[[Foreskinned]] men [[Foreskin play| derive "body pleasure", comfort, and satisfaction ]] from their [[foreskin]] that is not available to [[circumcised]] men.<ref name="prescott1975">{{REFjournal |last=Prescott |init=JW |author-link=James W. Prescott |url=http://www.violence.de/prescott/bulletin/article.html |title=Body Pleasure and the Origins of Violence |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |date=1975-11 |volume= |issue= |pages=10-20 |accessdate=2025-09-19}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Tye |first= |init=MC |author-link= |last2=Sardi |first2= |init2=LM |author2-link=Lauren Sardi |etal=no |title=Psychological, psychosocial, and psychosexual aspects of penile circumcision |trans-title= |language= |journal=Int J Impot Res |date=2023-05 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=242-8 |url=https://www.galdef.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Tye-Sardi-Psycho-Aspects-of-Penile-Circumcision-IJIR-2022.pdf |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=35347302 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1038/s41443-022-00553-9 |format=PDF |accessdate=2024-12-18}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/FriendsOfTheFrenulum/comments/1ma5zqc/the_data_is_in_the_silence_is_broken_a_first_look/ |title=The Data is In. The Silence is Broken. A First Look at Our Survey's Staggering Results. |last=Intactivist |first=Accidental |init= |author-link= |publisher=REDDIT |date=2025-07-26
|accessdate=2025-07-27
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb
[[15 Square]], the British charity, has established the [https://15square.org.uk/talking-therapies-circumcision-and-mental-health/ Talking Therapies – Circumcision and Mental Health]. The service is only available to persons in the [[United Kingdom]] due to legislative reasons. 15 Square advises there is an alternative available for persons outside of the United Kingdom through their Discord server.
[[Intact America]] now has a team of therapists.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/therapy/
|title=Therapy Partners
|last=
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=
|accessdate=2025-11-20
}}</ref>
==Autism spectrum disorder==
</blockquote>
After the medical community belatedly learned that infants actually feel [[pain]], <ref name="anand1987">{{REFjournal |last=Anand |init=KJS |author-link=Kanwaljeet J. Singh Anand |last2=Hickey |init2=PR |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus |journal=N Engl J Med |location= |date=1987-11-19 |volume=317 |issue=21 |pages=1321-9 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=3317037 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1056/NEJM198711193172105 |accessdate=2025-09-23}}</ref> Howard, Howard, & Weitzman (1994) tested the use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) for post-surgical pain following neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="howard1994">{{REFjournal
|last=Howard
|first=Cynthia R.
|DOI=10.1001/jama.2022.23661
|accessdate=2023-01-13
}}</ref>
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., the US Secretary of Health and Human Services, (2025) has claimed that boys who are [[circumcised]] early have twice the rate of autism.<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Circumcised boys more likely to be autistic, RFK Jr claims
|url=https://archive.is/OKBsv#selection-2265.4-2265.65
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=The Telegraph
|website=
|date=2025-10-09
|accessdate=2025-10-10
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref>
|date=2022-12-10
|accessdate=2025-02-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/mens-therapy-group-circumcision-trauma/
|title=Healing After Forced Genital Cutting: A Therapist’s Perspective on Men’s Recovery and Resistance
|last=Andersen
|first=Dale
|init=
|author-link=Dale Andersen
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-11-10
|accessdate=2025-11-20
}}
{{ABBR}}