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[[Category:India]]
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The partition caused a mass migration with Muslims moving from India into Pakistan and non-Muslims moving from Pakistan into India. Muslims continued to conduct forced circumcisions at this time.<ref name="fcirc"/>
==The foreskin in India==
Indian men avoid circumcision.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.hoshyoga.org/why-do-indians-dont-get-circumcised/
|title=Why do Indians don’t get circumcised?
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=Host Yoga
|date=2025
|accessdate=2025-11-13
}}</ref>
Ravi Kumar (2017) observed:
<blockquote>
Circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes the foreskin in males. It is a controversial topic in many parts of the world. In India however, circumcision is viewed as a barbaric practice. If you are an Indian man, you are expected to have a foreskin. Only Indian Muslims circumcise, which is a minority who constitute about 14 percent of the population, practice circumcision. It is seen as ‘mutilation’ by others, like cutting off useful parts of the body, and is often ridiculed.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2017/07/the-ridicule-i-faced-for-being-a-circumcised-hindu
|title=The Ridicule I Faced For Being A Circumcised Hindu
}}</ref></blockquote>
Balaji et al. (2020) carried out a study of [[circumcision]] practice in South India. They found that the [[foreskin]] is a marker for cultural identity:<blockquote>Also, one-third of the individuals from this community felt that circumcision is a safe operation and 20% of the parents favored compulsory circumcision of all boys as they believed that it improves penile hygiene; but, however, the rest preferred foreskin preservation as its removal would result in loss of cultural identity of the individual.<ref name="balaji2020">{{REFjournal |last=Balaji |first= |init=BS |author-link= |last2=Tarun |first2= |init2=TJK |author2-link= |last3=Gowri |first3= |init3=MS |author3-link= |etal=no |title=Acceptability and outcomes of foreskin preservation for phimosis: An Indian perspective |journal=J Family Med Prim Care |location= |date=2020-05-31 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=2297-302 |url= |quote= |pubmedID=32754491 |pubmedCID=7380800 |DOI=10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_49_20 |accessdate=2025-07-23}}</ref></blockquote>The normal variant of [[phimosis| phimosed foreskin]] in adult males is said to be more common in Indian menand more accepted, but proof more study is needed..
== Medical science ==
Circumcision marks one as a probable member of the Muslim religious minority.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Although male circumcision is not unlawful, it is not part of the culture or religion of most Indians. In fact, it is viewed with distaste or even horror by most Indians, especially since it is associated with [[Islam| Islamic]] practice.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Sikhism prohibits cutting of the body and Jainism favors non-violence. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others have no desire to appear to be Muslim. The vast majority (86.5%) of males are [[foreskinned]].
Boys born into the 14.2% Muslim minority of families are usually [[circumcised]] ritually without anaesthesia for the [[pain]] by traditional circumcisors or barbers prior to [[puberty]].<ref name="sahay2014"/>
=== Medical circumcision ===
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
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[[Category:Education]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
[[Category:India]]
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