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}}</ref>
The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in the United Kingdom has been substantially reduced from its former peaks in the 1930s and early 1940s. Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys remains lawful provided that both parents grant consent. The practice seems to be concentrated among ethnic minorities. Ethical and [[human rights]] concerns about the surgery persist.
Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] usually is not covered by the NHS, so parents must find a private medical or non-medical operator such as a [[mohel]] to perform the [[foreskin]] [[amputation]] and must pay the fee out of pocket as [[third-party payment]] is not available. Given the recent legal cautions uttered by the BMA,<ref name="bma2019" /> it may not be easy to find a medical practitioner willing to accept the risk.
The NHS announced in November 2022 that it would no longer perform the 23,000 circumcisions that it had been performing every year.<ref name="warren2022">{{REFweb
|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11410577/Circumcisions-tummy-tucks-liposuction-operations-stop-funded-NHS.html
|title=Circumcisions, tummy tucks and liposuction are among 13 operations which will stop being funded by the NHS in a 'crackdown' on wasteful spending in a bid to save £2bn a year
|last=Warren
|first=Jessica
|publisher=Daily Mail
|date=2022-11-09
|accessdate=2023-04-07
Add and create category.
|accessdate=2021-08-04
}}</ref>
The introduction of [[circumcision]] as a medical practice was opposed by Dr. [[Herbert Snow]] who published a book entitled ''[https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/57083/pg57083-images.html The Barbarity of Circumcision]'' in 1890.
==Early Twentieth century==
In addition, they noted an egregiously inadequate description of the male [[foreskin]] and its functions.<ref name="lempert2022"/>
The 2019 BMA Guidance for members on non-therapeutic circumcision of minors was withdrawn in Feburary 2025. A new guidance for treatment of children and young people under 16 has been published. Updated information regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of young people is now contained in Chapter 15.<ref>{{REFdocument
|title=Ethics toolkit: Children and young people under 16
|url=https://www.bma.org.uk/media/swsfdkbw/children-and-young-people-under-16-toolkit.pdf
|contribution=
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|publisher=British Medical Association
|format=PDF
|date=2025-02
|accessdate=2025-02-27
}}</ref>
==Symposia==
==Circumcision deaths==
Gairdner (1949) reported 16 deaths per year.<ref name="gairdner1949" /> [[Death ]] from circumcision still occurs.
* Amitai Moshe, seven-days-old, stopped breathing and died after having been [[circumcised]] by a ''[[mohel]]'' (2007), who was a member of the [http://www.initiationsociety.net/ Initiation Society], at [https://www.goldersgreenshul.org.uk/ Golders Green Synagogue] in North London. It was thought that the infant had cardiac arrest, perhaps brought on by the [[Pain| painful circumcision]].<ref name="beckford2007">{{REFnews
* Boma Oruitemeka: Death by circumcision, severe hemorrhage. 1990, London, England, United Kingdom.
==Foreskin information from the National Health Service==
The National Health Service at Alder Hey has created a website with information about the [[foreskin]] for patients, parents and healthcare professionals.<ref>{{REFweb
==Conclusion==
The incidence of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in the United Kingdom has been substantially reduced from its former peaks in the 1930s and early 1940s. Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys remains lawful provided that both parents grant consent. The practice seems to be concentrated among ethnic minorities. Ethical and [[human rights]] concerns about the surgery persist.
Non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] usually is not covered by the NHS, so parents must find a private medical or non-medical operator such as a [[mohel]] to perform the [[foreskin]] [[amputation]] and must pay the fee out of pocket as [[third-party payment]] is not available. Given the recent legal cautions uttered by the BMA,<ref name="bma2019" /> it may not be easy to find a medical practitioner willing to accept the risk.
The NHS announced in November 2022 that it would no longer perform the 23,000 circumcisions that it had been performing every year.<ref name="warren2022">{{REFweb
|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11410577/Circumcisions-tummy-tucks-liposuction-operations-stop-funded-NHS.html
|title=Circumcisions, tummy tucks and liposuction are among 13 operations which will stop being funded by the NHS in a 'crackdown' on wasteful spending in a bid to save £2bn a year
|last=Warren
|first=Jessica
|publisher=Daily Mail
|date=2022-11-09
|accessdate=2023-04-07
}}</ref>
The BMA (2019) reported that the NHS therapeutically circumcises about 10,000 boys under 18-years-of-age per year.<ref name="bma2019">{{REFdocument
|title=Non-therapeutic male circumcision (NTMC) of children – practical guidance for doctors
|date=2019
|accessdate=2021-09-10
}}</ref> Professor [[Simon Kenny]], (2021) the leading doctor at [https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/ Alder Hey Children's Hospital], has published a new guidance regarding child circumcision.<ref name="kenny2021">{{REFweb
|url=https://4skin-health.alderhey.nhs.uk/
|title=Information for patients, parents and healthcare professionals
|format=
|quote=The analysis also found up to half of the boys who underwent medical circumcision at some trusts were under five, an age at which doctors agree the procedure is almost always unnecessary.
}}</ref>
* [[15 Square]]
* [[Genital Autonomy]]
* [[Initiation Society]]
* [[Men Do Complain]]
* [[Secular Medical Forum]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|United_Kingdom|United Kingdom}}
* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/cultures-that-reject-circumcision/ |title=Cultures That Reject Circumcision—And Why They’re Right |last=Alissa |first=Kristel |init= |author-link=Kristel Alissa |publisher=Intact America |date=2025-02-23 |accessdate=2025-05-08}}
{{REF}}
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Country]]
[[Category:English-speaking nation]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Statistics]]